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Managing Risk and Securing Livelihood - The Karrayu Pastoralists, their Environment and the Ethiopian State
von: Girum G. Alemu
Franz Steiner Verlag, 2016
ISBN: 9783515114059 , 187 Seiten
Format: PDF, OL
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 47,00 EUR
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Managing Risk and Securing Livelihood - The Karrayu Pastoralists, their Environment and the Ethiopian State
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6
LIST OF FIGURES
10
LIST OF TABLES
11
LIST OF PHOTOS
12
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
13
GLOSSARY
15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18
ABSTRACT
20
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
22
1. INTRODUCTION
24
1.1 THE PROBLEMATICS OF THE HEGEMONIC ADAPTATION PERSPECTIVE
24
1.2 APOLITICAL ADAPTATION AND PASTORALISTS’ DEVELOPMENT
26
1.3 APPROACHING THE ‘LOCAL CONTEXTS’ FROM A POLITICAL ECOLOGY PERSPECTIVE
29
1.4 POINT OF DEPARTURE: RISK, RESOURCES AND RELATIONAL MODES
31
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
34
2. ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND LOCAL AGENCY: THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL REFLECTIONS
36
2.1 INTRODUCTION
36
2.2 PUTTING THE CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION IN PERSPECTIVE
36
2.3 THE CONVENTIONAL APPROACH TO ADAPTATION
37
2.4 THE INADEQUACY OF THE CONVENTIONAL APPROACH
39
2.5 THE CONCEPT OF VULNERABILITY IN ADAPTATION RESEARCH
40
2.6 POLITICAL ECOLOGY AND THE VULNERABILITY PARADIGM
46
2.7 LOCATING ACTORS IN POLITICAL ECOLOGY
48
2.8 SUMMARY
51
3. RESEARCHING WITH THE LOCALS: METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS
52
3.1 INTRODUCTION
52
3.2 UPPER AWASH VALLEY, FENTALLE WOREDA: DESCRIPTIONS
53
3.3 METHODOLOGICAL STANCES: QUALITATIVE APPROACH IN GEOGRAPHY
57
3.4 THE RESEARCH PROCESS: PRELIMINARY VISITS AND INITIAL ACQUAINTANCE
59
3.5 MIXING VARIOUS INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES
64
3.6 FIELD NOTES AND PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
67
3.7 DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND SECONDARY INFORMATION
68
3.8 ANALYSIS AND WRITE UP
68
3.9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
69
4. LIVELIHOOD INSECURITY IN CONTEXT: HISTORICAL TRAJECTORIES
71
4.1 INTRODUCTION
71
4.2 STATE-PASTORALISTS RELATIONS: ‘DEVELOPMENT’ AND THE PERILS OF PLANNING
72
4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD RISK
80
4.4 THE POST-1991 STATE IN PASTORAL SPACES: A LIABILITY OR AN ASSET?
88
4.5 IN-MIGRATION AND INCREASED POPULATION PRESSURE
95
4.6 SUMMARY: MULTIPLE SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD INSECURITY
98
5. ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATION AND LIVESTOCKBASED LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES
101
5.1 INTRODUCTION
101
5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION
101
5.3 PASTORALISTS’ AGENCY AND RESPONSE TO CHANGE
110
5.4 CONTEXTS INFLUENCING PASTORAL MOBILITY DECISIONS
115
5.5 REORGANIZATION: CAMEL-BASED LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES
118
5.6 SURVIVING ON CAMELS: RISK MANAGEMENT AND LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES
119
5.7 SUMMARY
128
6. LIVING THE TRANSFORMATION: THE MOVE TOWARDS AGRO-PASTORALISM
129
6.1 INTRODUCTION
129
6.2 CULTIVATION AS RISK MANAGEMENT AND LIVELIHOOD PRACTICE
129
6.3 SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS INFLUENCING DECISIONS TO CULTIVATE
131
6.4 BRINGING NEW PRINCIPLES IN: FENCING COMMUNAL PASTURE
142
6.5 EMERGENCE OF NEW ARRANGEMENTS
143
6.6 SOME CONSTRAINTS TO CULTIVATION AS A CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY
151
6.7 NON-PASTORAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
153
6.8 SUMMARY
157
7. CONTEXTUALIZED ADAPTATION: HEGEMONIC PERSPECTIVES AND LOCAL RESPONSES
159
7.1 INTRODUCTION
159
7.2 THE POLITICS OF ADAPTATION: TOP-DOWN APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT
160
7.3 SITUATED AND LOCAL-LEVEL ADAPTATION PRACTICES
162
7.4 SUMMARY
168
8. CONCLUSIONS
169
8.1 STARTING-POINT VULNERABILITY: THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF LOCAL ADAPTATION
169
8.2 LOCATING AGENCY IN POLITICAL ECOLOGY
171
8.3 LOCALIZING THE INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
173
8.4 BACK TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS
174
8.5 IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
176
9. LIST OF REFERENCES
180
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