American Immigration Policy - Confronting the Nation's Challenges

Preface

Contents

1 Introduction

A Nation of Immigrants

History of American Settlement and Migration

Americas New Immigrants

Theories of Migration

Pull and Push Theories of Migration

Neoclassical Economic Theory of Migration

Segmented Labor Market Theory

Overview of US Immigration and Immigration Policies

From Open Immigration to Initial Restrictions (1790--1920)

Era of Clear Restrictions (1921--1964)

Era of Easing Restrictions (1965--1985)

Era of Renewed Restrictions (1986--Present)

Contemporary Controversies in Immigration Policy

Economic Angst

Cultural and Political Angst

Plan of Book

2 Theoretical Perspectives: Economics, Culture, Politics

Introduction

Economic Perspectives on Immigration

Neoclassical Perspectives on Immigration

Dual Labor Market, World Systems, Social Group and Family Theories

Cultural Perspectives on Immigration

Political Perspectives on Immigration

Historical Views on Immigration

Contemporary Views on Immigration

Toward a Policy of Optimal Immigration

Conclusions

3 The Political Economy of Immigration Policies and Politics

Introduction

The Microeconomics of Migration

The Macroeconomics of Immigration

Optimal Immigration Policy

The Politics of Immigration Policy

4 Immigrant Contributions to American Economic Development

Introduction

Literature on Economic Impact of Immigrants

Description and Analysis of Data

American Community Survey Data

Description of Immigrants in 2007

Immigrant Earnings

Immigrant Education

Immigrant Gender

Immigrant Age

Immigrant Wealth

Conclusions

Case 4.1 Andrew Grove (Budapest, Hungary)

Andrew Grove's Early Life

Escape from Hungary and Early Life in the United States

Andrew Grove's Business Career

Andrew Grove's Management Philosophy

Legacy of Andrew Grove

Case 4.2 An Wang (Shanghai, China)

An Wang's Early Life

Education and Inventions

Wang Labs

Legacy of An Wang

Case 4.3 George Soros (Budapest, Hungary)

George Soros's Early Life

Soros the Financier

Soros the Philosopher and Political Activist

Legacy of George Soros

5 Immigrant Contributions to American Culture

Introduction

Literature on Cultural Impact of Immigrants

Description and Analysis of Data

Work Effort

Self-Employment (Entrepreneurship)

Dependency

Marriage

Naturalization

Ability to Speak English

Military Participation

Conclusions

Case 5.1 Irving Berlin (Temun, Russia)

Irving Berlin's Early Life

Berlin the Songwriter and Composer

Berlin the American Patriot

Berlin's Personal Life

Legacy of Irving Berlin

Case 5.2 Hakeem Olajuwon (Lagos, Nigeria)

Hakeem Olajuwon's Early Life

Olajuwon's College and Pro Career

Olajuwon's Personal Life

Legacy of Hakeem Olajuwon

6 Immigrant Contributions to American Politicsand Immigration Policy

Introduction

Historical Review of Immigration Policy

Immigration Policies in Colonial Times

Massachusetts

Virginia and Other Colonies

Nativism in the Colonial Period

Immigration Policies in the Post-colonial Era

From Open Immigration to Initial Restrictions (1798--1920)

Naturalization Act, Alien Enemies Act, Alien Friends Act (1798)

Steerage and Passenger Acts (1819, 1847, 1855)

Chinese Exclusion Acts (1882, 1884, 1888, 1892)

Dillingham Commission (1907--1911)

Immigration Act of 1917

Era of Clear Restrictions (1921--1964)

Quota Act of 1921

Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson-Reed Act)

Japanese Internment (1942--1946)

Bracero Program (1942--1964)

Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952 (McCarron-Walter Act)

Era of Eased Restrictions (1965--1985)

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Refugee Act of 1980

Era of Renewed Restrictions (1986-Present)

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

Proposition 187 (1994)

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act of 1996

Real ID Act of 2005

Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005 (Sensenbrenner-King Bill)

Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007

Contemporary Postures on Immigration

Case Studies of Political Impact of Select Immigrants

Case 6.1 Arnold Schwarzenegger (Thal, Austria)

Schwarzenegger's Early Life

Business and Personal Life

Movie Career

Political Career

Schwarzenegger and Reflection on the American Dream

Case 6.2 Henry Kissinger (Furth, Bavaria)

Henry Kissinger's Early Life

School and the Army

Higher Education and Networking

Diplomatic Career

Life After Government Service

Kissinger's Legacy

Case 6.3 Madeleine Albright (Prague, Czechoslovakia)

Madeleine Albright's Early Life

Life in America

Political and Academic Career

U.N. Ambassador and Secretary of State

Life After Government

Legacy of Madeleine Albright

7 Immigration Policies Outside of the United States

Introduction

Immigration Policy in Commonwealth Nations

Canada

Immigration History

Immigration Policy

Australia

Immigration History

Immigration Policy

Immigration and Immigration Policy in Western European Nations

Immigration Policy in Western European Nations

France

Immigration History

Immigration Policy

Germany

Immigration History

Immigration Policy

Case 7.1 France and the Headscarves Affair

Facts of Case

Political Implications of Affair

Case 7.2 2001 Riots in the United Kingdom: Oldham, Burnley, Bradford, Leeds

Facts of Cases

Causes of Riots in UK

Investigations into Riots in Oldham

8 Conclusions

Introduction

Immigration Policy Regarding LPRs and H1-B Workers

Canadian and Australian Merit-Based Immigration Policy

Illegal Immigration in the United States

Characteristics of Major Immigrant Groups

Immigration Policy Prescriptions

Public Opinion and Immigration

What Does the Future Hold?

Glossary

Bibliography

Name Index

Subject Index