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The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease - Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease
von: O. Walusinski
Karger, 2010
ISBN: 9783805594059 , 174 Seiten
Format: PDF, ePUB, OL
Kopierschutz: frei
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The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease - Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease
Cover
1
Contents
6
List of Contributors
8
Preface
10
Foreword
11
Historical Perspectives
16
Abstract
16
Antiquity and the Middle Ages
17
17th Century and the Birth of Research
19
Calling Hippocratic Theories into Question
20
18th Century: Yawning ‘Improves Brain Oxygenation’
21
19th Century: Yawning and Hysteria
25
End of the 19th Century: Is Yawning a Reflex?
29
20th Century
31
References
34
Popular Knowledge and Beliefs
37
Abstract
37
Arab Countries
37
India
38
Europe
39
Yawing in Medicine
39
References
40
Yawning throughout Life
41
Abstract
41
Features and Frequency of Yawning
42
Time Course of Yawning
43
Yawning and Arousal Processes
44
Contagious Yawning
44
References
45
Fetal Yawning
47
Abstract
47
What Is a Yawn?
48
Embryology and Mechanisms
49
Why Does Yawning Share a Link with Arousal?
50
Yawning or Not: A Pathology?
52
Diseases without Any Data Collected
52
Conclusion
54
References
54
Sleep, Sleepiness and Yawning
57
Abstract
57
References
60
Interplay between Yawning and Vigilance: A Review of the Experimental Evidence
62
Abstract
62
Measuring Vigilance
63
Experimental Yawn Induction
64
Yawning Occurs Preferentially during Drowsiness
64
Yawning Does Not Produce Arousal
64
Discussion
66
Acknowledgments
67
References
67
The Hidden Sexuality of the Yawn and the Future of Chasmology
70
Abstract
70
Historical Trends and Currents
71
Chasmology as an Emergent Science
73
Predictions
75
Conclusions
76
References
76
Non-Human Primates: A Comparative Developmental Perspective on Yawning
78
Abstract
78
Yawning as Communication
78
Voluntary Control of Yawning by Adult Male Macaques
80
Voluntary Yawning: Some Implications and Questions
82
Contagious Yawning
83
Contagious Yawning: Recent Developments and Controversies
86
Concluding Comments
89
References
90
Punishment-Induced Fear Modifies the Daily Course of Yawning in Rats
92
Abstract
92
Material and Methods
93
Results
94
Discussion
96
Acknowledgments
97
References
97
A Thermoregulatory Behavior
99
Abstract
99
‘Brain Cooling Hypothesis’
100
Empirical Support for the ‘Brain Cooling Hypothesis’
101
Further Predictions and Support of the Brain Cooling Model
102
Conclusions
103
References
104
Neurophamacology of Yawning
105
Abstract
105
Major Neurotransmitters Involved in the Induction of Yawning
107
Major Neurotransmitters Involved in the Modulation of Yawning
115
Conclusions
116
References
117
Yawn, Yawn, Yawn, Yawn; Yawn, Yawn, Yawn! The Social, Evolutionary and Neuroscientific Facets of Contagious Yawning
122
Abstract
122
Relationship between Self-Awareness and Other Awareness
122
Contagious Yawning in the Self-Other Relationship
125
Evidence from Neuroimaging
125
Conclusions
125
References
126
Developmental and Comparative Perspectives of Contagious Yawning
128
Abstract
128
Typical and Atypical Development of Contagious Yawning
129
Contagious Yawning in Non-Human Animals
131
Conclusions and Future Directions
132
Acknowledgments
133
References
133
Methodological Problems in the Study of Contagious Yawning
135
Abstract
135
Problems in Experimental Design
136
Problems in Analysis
139
Conclusions
141
References
141
Exploring Yawning with Neuroimaging
143
Abstract
143
Physiology of Yawning
143
Neuroimaging of Yawning
144
Summary
147
References
148
Associated Movements in Hemiplegic Limbsduring Yawning
149
Abstract
149
Material and Methods
150
Results
150
Discussion
152
Acknowledgments
153
References
153
Associated Diseases
155
Abstract
155
Anhedonia
156
Disappearance of Yawning
156
Excessive Yawning
156
Yawning Triggers a Disorder
163
Yawning Relieves a Disorder
164
Concluding Remarks
165
References
165
Author Index
171
Subject Index
172
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