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Semantic Web Information Management - A Model-Based Perspective
von: Roberto de Virgilio, Fausto Giunchiglia, Letizia Tanca
Springer-Verlag, 2010
ISBN: 9783642043291 , 549 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 96,29 EUR
Preface
5
Contents
6
Contributors
16
Introduction
20
PART 1. Semantic Web Data Storage
21
PART 2. Reasoning in the Semantic Web
22
PART 3. Semantic Web Data Querying
23
PART 4. Semantic Web Applications
25
PART 5. Engineering Semantic Web Systems
26
Data and Metadata Management
27
Introduction
27
Databases, Schemas and Dictionaries
28
Data Models
30
Management of Multiple Models
32
Model-generic Schema Translation
36
Related Work
39
Conclusion
40
References
40
The Semantic Web Languages
43
Introduction
43
The Hierarchy of Languages
45
XML: Raw Data-No Semantics
45
RDF(S): Representing Objects and Relations Among Them
46
OWL: Ontologies-Representing Classes and Relations Among Them
46
C-OWL: Contextual Ontologies-Representing Context Mappings
47
RDF(S)
47
OWL
49
OWL Lite
49
OWL DL
50
OWL Full
50
C-OWL
51
Semantic Web and Databases
52
Conclusion
54
Appendix A: RDF(S) Constructs
54
Appendix B: OWL Constructs
54
References
55
Semantic Web Data Storage
57
Relational Technologies, Metadata and RDF
58
Introduction
58
The Relational Model
61
Modeling Metadata in Relational Systems
62
Separate Structures
62
Intermixed Context
62
Intensional Associations
64
RDF
65
Using Relational Systems for RDF Storage
67
Storing RDF as XML
68
Vertical Table
70
Graph-based Storage
71
Graph Schema-Vertical Data
73
Property Table
75
Vertical Partitioning
77
Smart Indexing
79
Conclusion
81
References
81
A Metamodel Approach to Semantic Web Data Management
84
Introduction
84
Motivating Example
86
Management of RDF Data
87
A Conceptual Representation
89
Logical Level
92
Physical Level
94
Query Processing
96
Related Work
96
Experimental Results
99
RDF Benchmark
99
Query 1 (Q1)
100
Query 2 (Q2)
100
Query 3 (Q3)
101
Query 4 (Q4)
101
Query 5 (Q5)
101
Query 6 (Q6)
102
Platform Environment
102
Evaluating Results
103
Performance Results
103
Q1
104
Q2
104
Q3
104
Q4
105
Q5
105
Q6
105
Scalability Results
105
Conclusion
106
References
107
Managing Terabytes of Web Semantics Data
109
Introduction
109
Definition and Model for the Web of Data
110
Providing Services on the Web of Data: A Model for a Large Scale Semantic Data Processing Infrastructure
111
Semantic Sitemap: A Dataset Publishing Model
113
The Sitemap Protocol and robots.txt
114
The Semantic Sitemaps Extension
114
Datasets
115
Adding Dataset Descriptions to the Sitemap Protocol
115
Pre-processing: Context-dependent Reasoning
116
Contexts on the Semantic Web
117
Aggregate Context
118
Lifting Rules
118
Import Closure of RDF Models
118
Deductive Closure of RDF Models
119
Technical Overview
120
Performance Overview
121
Discussion
121
Indexing: The SIREn Model
122
SIREn Data Model
122
SIREn Query Model
124
SIREn Operators
124
Content Operators
124
SPARQL Interpretation
125
Experimental Benchmark
126
Ranking: The DING Model
128
A Two-layer Model for Web Data
129
DING Algorithm
130
Combining DING and Entity Rank
131
Leveraging Sindice in SIGMA
131
Sig.ma: Processing Dataflow and Interaction with Sindice
132
Creation of a Sig.ma Query Plan
133
Data Sources Selection
134
Extraction and Alignment of Related Subgraphs
134
Consolidation
135
Value Labelling, Consolidation and Source List Refinement
136
Conclusion
136
References
138
Reasoning in the Semantic Web
140
Reasoning in Semantic Web-based Systems
141
Introduction
141
Background
142
Logic Programming
142
Description Logics
144
Standards on the Semantic Web
145
OWL 2
145
WSML
146
Reasoning Techniques
147
Description Logic Paradigm
147
Tableaux Methods
147
Pellet
148
Translation to Rule Based Systems
149
KAON2
149
Rule Paradigm
149
Bottom-up Techniques
150
Magic-sets Evaluation
151
IRIS
151
Top-down (SLD) Resolution with Memoing: SLG
152
XSB
153
Reasoning on the Web
153
Expressivity
154
Approximate Reasoning
156
Approximation of the Reasoning Method
156
Approximation of the Request
157
Approximation of the Knowledge Base
157
Conclusion
158
References
158
Modular Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in the Semantic Web
161
Introduction
161
Ontologies and Description Logics
163
Description Logic SHOIQb
164
Sublanguages of SHOIQb
166
Reference Distributed Ontology Framework
167
Distributed Description Logics
168
Formalization
168
Reasoning in DDL
170
Modeling with DDL
171
E-connections
174
Formalization
174
Reasoning in E-connections
178
Modeling with E-connections
179
Package-based Description Logics
182
Formalization
182
Reasoning in P-DL
184
Modeling with P-DL
184
Integrated Distributed Description Logics
187
Formalization
187
Reasoning in IDDL
189
Modeling with IDDL
189
Conclusion
191
References
193
Semantic Matching with S-Match
196
Introduction
196
State of the Art
197
Rondo
198
Cupid
198
COMA
198
Semantic Matching
199
The Tree Matching Algorithm
200
Step 1.
201
Step 2.
201
Step 3.
202
Step 4.
203
Node Matching Algorithm
205
Efficient Semantic Matching
206
Conjunctive Concepts at Nodes
207
Tests for Less and More General Relations
207
Disjunctive Concepts at Nodes
208
The S-Match Architecture
209
Evaluation
209
Evaluation Set Up
209
Evaluation Results
211
Conclusion
213
References
213
Preserving Semantics in Automatically Created Ontology Alignments
216
Introduction
216
Related Research Fields
217
Preliminaries
218
Ontologies
218
Correspondences and Mappings
219
Distributed Ontologies
220
Faults and Diagnoses
221
Mapping Revision
222
Model-based Mapping Revision
223
Consistency-Preserving Revision
223
Coherence-Preserving Revision
224
Heuristic Mapping Revision
226
Static Heuristic Revision
226
Heuristics for Coherence Preservation
227
Bowtie Rule (B-Rule)
227
Partition Rule (P-Rule)
228
Cycle Rule (CYC-Rule)
229
Blind Multiple Correspondences
229
Uncertainty-Aware Mapping Revision
231
Probabilistic Mapping Revision
232
Fuzzy Mapping Revision
232
Conclusion
233
References
234
tOWL: Integrating Time in OWL
237
Introduction
237
Preliminaries
239
Concrete Domains
239
4D Fluents
240
tOWL
242
tOWL Overview
242
OWL Schema of tOWL
242
A tOWL Ontology for the Leveraged Buyouts
246
Leveraged Buyouts
247
TBox
247
ABox
251
Use Cases
253
Related Work
254
Temporal RDF
254
OWL-Time
255
4D Fluents
256
Conclusion
257
References
258
Semantic Web Data Querying
259
Datalog Extensions for Tractable Query Answering over Ontologies
260
Introduction
260
Preliminaries
263
Databases and Queries
264
Dependencies
264
The Chase
265
Treewidth
267
Guarded Datalog±
268
Combined Complexity
268
Data Complexity
270
Linear Datalog±
273
Combined Complexity
273
Data Complexity
274
Weakly Guarded Datalog±
275
Combined Complexity
276
Data Complexity
278
Extensions
279
Negative Constraints
279
Non-conflicting Keys
280
Ontology Querying
282
DL-LiteA
282
F-Logic Lite
286
Conclusion
288
References
289
On the Semantics of SPARQL
291
Introduction
291
The W3C Syntax of SPARQL
293
Basic Definitions
294
Basic Structures
294
More Complex Queries
296
Final Remarks
298
An Algebraic Syntax for SPARQL
299
Translating SPARQL into the Algebraic Formalism
301
Semantics of SPARQL
303
Blank Nodes in Graph Patterns
309
Bag Semantics of SPARQL
310
On the Complexity of the Evaluation Problem
311
Related Work
315
Conclusion
316
References
317
Labeling RDF Graphs for Linear Time and Space Querying
318
Introduction
319
Contributions
320
Motivating Example
321
Preliminaries-RDF as Graphs
323
Queries on RDF Graphs
324
Triple Patterns and Adjacency
327
Labeling Schemes for RDF Graphs
328
Foundation: Tree Labeling
328
Reachability in Graphs
331
cig-labeling Scheme
332
Label Size
334
Adjacency & Reachability Test
335
Optimal cig-labeling
336
cig-labeling on Trees and cigs
337
cigs: Sharing-Limited Graphs
337
Labeling cigs and Trees
339
Properties of cig-labelings on cigs and Trees
339
Limitations and Extensions
340
Processing SPARQL with cig-labelings
341
Processing 1-SPARQL
341
Processing A-SPARQL
342
Towards Full SPARQL
344
Towards Path Expressions
345
Conclusion
345
References
346
SPARQLog: SPARQL with Rules and Quantification
349
Introduction
350
Contributions
352
Preliminaries
352
SPARQL Rule Languages
355
SPARQL and Rule Extensions of SPARQL
355
Other Rule-based RDF Query Languages
356
Quantifier Alternation in Data Exchange
357
SPARQLog: SPARQL with Rules and Quantification
358
SPARQLog Syntax
360
Denotational Semantics for SPARQLog
361
Relational Operational Semantics for SPARLog
363
Soundness and Completeness
365
Proof of Lemma 15.2 and Theorem 15.1
366
Properties of SPARQLog
368
Designing Tractable Fragments of SPARQLog
368
SwARQLog
370
Expressiveness of Quantifier Alternation in SPARQLog
372
Experimental Comparison with SPARQL Engines
375
Conclusion
377
References
377
SP2Bench: A SPARQL Performance Benchmark
379
Introduction
379
Structure
381
Benchmark Design Decisions
382
Requirements for Domain-specific Benchmarks
382
The SP2Bench Data Generator
383
Characteristics of DBLP Data
383
Structure of Document Classes
383
Development of Document Classes over Time
385
Other Characteristics
386
Data Generator Implementation and RDF Scheme
387
The SP2Bench RDF Scheme for DBLP
388
The SP2Bench Benchmark Queries
390
RDF Characteristics
390
SPARQL Characteristics
392
Discussion of Benchmark Queries
392
Benchmark Query Q1:
393
Benchmark Query Q2:
393
Benchmark Queries Q3abc:
394
Benchmark Query Q4:
394
Benchmark Queries Q5ab:
395
Benchmark Query Q6:
395
Benchmark Query Q7:
396
Benchmark Query Q8:
396
Benchmark Query Q9:
397
Benchmark Query Q10:
397
Benchmark Query Q11:
397
Benchmark Query Q12:
398
Benchmark Metrics
398
Conclusion
399
References
400
Semantic Web Applications
402
Using OWL in Data Integration
403
Introduction
404
The Data Integration Framework
406
Computational Characterization of Query Answering
412
Data Integration Using OWL 2 QL
415
Schema-Rewriting
416
LAV-Rewriting
417
GAV-Rewriting
417
Source-Evaluation
418
Related Work
420
Conclusion
425
References
425
Service Knowledge Spaces for Semantic Collaboration in Web-based Systems
431
Introduction
431
Semantic Collaboration in Networked Web-based Systems
432
Service Knowledge Space
435
Preliminary Notions
435
Model-based Service Description
436
Ontological Infrastructure
437
Local Service Knowledge
437
Network Service Knowledge
440
Distributed Semantic Service Management
443
Distributed Service Registry Structure
444
Distributed Service Registry Maintenance
445
Semantic Collaboration with Distributed Service Registry
446
Selection of semantic neighbors
446
Request forwarding and collection of search results
447
Extending the search results through related services
447
Experimental Evaluation
448
Related Work
449
Ontology-based Service Description
449
Service Discovery and Matchmaking
450
P2P Service-based Semantic Collaboration
451
Conclusion
452
References
453
Informative Top-k Retrieval for Advanced Skill Management
455
Introduction
456
Preliminaries
457
Reference Formalism
457
Query Language
458
Top-k Retrieval
459
Human Resources Retrieval
459
Ontology Component
461
Database Component
463
Query Process (by Example)
466
Match Explanation
468
Experiments
472
Related Work
474
Research Approaches
475
Commercial Tools
476
Appendix A: Ontology Axioms Excerpts
476
Appendix B: Example Candidate Profiles Set
479
References
481
Engineering Semantic Web Systems
483
MIDST: Interoperability for Semantic Annotations
484
Introduction
484
State of the Art
486
From Database to Ontology
487
From Ontology to Database
488
Translation Between Ontologies and Databases
488
Model Independent Schema and Data Translation
490
Basic Translations
491
More Complex Translations
492
OWL and Relational Database Interoperability
493
Relational Data Model
493
OWL Data Model
495
An Extended Supermodel
497
Management of Intersections
498
Management of Restrictions
499
Classes Equivalence
499
Properties Equivalence
499
Object and Datatype Properties Generalization
500
Functional Datatype Properties
500
Symmetric, Transitive and Inverse Object Properties
500
Translation Rules
500
Conclusion
503
References
504
Virtuoso: RDF Support in a Native RDBMS
506
Introduction
506
State of the Art
507
Vertical Layouts
507
Triples Indexed with Sorted Lists
507
Clustered Quad Stores
508
SPARQL Processor Without Local Data Storage
509
Triple Storage
509
Compression
510
Alternative Index Layouts
511
SPARQL and SQL
511
SQL Cost Model and RDF Queries
512
Basic RDF Inferencing
512
Data Manipulation
513
Full Text
513
Aggregation
513
RDF Sponge
513
Clustering and Scalability
514
Query Execution Model
515
Performance
516
Mapping Relational Data into RDF for SPARQL Access
517
Applications and Benchmarks
520
Web 2.0 Applications
520
OpenLink Data Spaces (ODS)
520
Berlin SPARQL Benchmark
520
Future Directions
521
Clustering
521
Updating Relational Data by SPARUL Statements
521
Conclusion
522
References
523
Hera: Engineering Web Applications Using Semantic Web-based Models
525
Introduction
525
Method
527
Data Modeling
528
Application Modeling
529
Basic Constructs in Application Model
529
Other Constructs in the Application Model
533
Presentation Modeling
535
User Modeling
536
Aspect Orientation
537
Tool Support
539
Hera Studio
539
Other Tools
541
Related Work
542
WebML
543
OOHDM
543
UWE
544
OOWS
545
Conclusion
546
References
547
Index
549
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