Handbook of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine

Preface

Contents

1 Approach to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

I Welcome To The ICU

What Is an ICU?

Historical Development of the ICU

Economical Impact of the ICU

Organization of the ICU

II Team Work

III The Flowsheet

IV The Critically ILL Patient

V System-Oriented Rounds

Identification

Major Events over the Last 24 h

Systems Review

Neurologic

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Renal/Metabolic

Gastrointestinal

Infectious Diseases

Hematology

Nutrition

Endocrine

Psychosocial

Other

VI Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) and Ethical Issues

2 The Basics of Critical Care

I Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation

II The Aveolar Air Equation

III Oxygen Transport

IV Mechanical Ventilation

V Hemodynamics

VI The Cardiopulmonary Interaction

VII Integrated Cardiopulmonary Management Principles

3 Cardiovascular Disorders

I Ischemic Heart Disease

4 Endocrinologic Disorders

I Adrenal Insufficiency

II DIABETES INSIPIDUS

III SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION (SIADH)

IV DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC COMA

V TIGHT GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN THE ICU

VI Myxedema

VII Thyrotoxic Cisis

VIII Sick Ethyroid Syndrome

IX Hypoglycemia

X Pheochromocytoma

5 Environmental Disorders

I Burns

II Decompression Illness and Air Embolism

III Near-Drowning

IV Electrical Injuries

V Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

VI Hypothermia

VII Smoke Inhalation and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

VIII Scorpion Envenomation

IX Snakebite

X Spider Bite

XI Useful Facts and Formulas

6 Gastrointestinal Disorders

I Gastrointestinal Bleeding

II Acute Mesenteric Ischemia

III Fulminant Hepatic Failure and Encephalopathy

IV Pancreatitis

V USEFUL FACTS AND FORMULAS

7 Hematologic Disorders

I Anemia

II Leukopenia

III Thrombocytopenia

IV Anticoagulation and Fibrinolysis

V Blood and Blood Products Transfusion

VI Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

VII Hemolytic Syndromes

VIII Useful Facts and Formulas

8 Infectious Diseases

I Pneumonia (Nosocomial)

II Community-Acquired Pneumonia

III Severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome (Sars)

IV Sepsis

V Toxic Shock Syndrome

VI Meningitis

VII Infections in Patients with Aids

VIII Infections In The Immunocompromised Host

IX ANTIMICROBIALS (S ee T able 8.8 )

X Infectious Diseases Pearls for ICU Care

XI Useful Facts and Formulas

9 Neurologic Disorders

I Brain Death

II Coma

III Intracranial Hypertension

IV Cerebrovascular Disease

V Status Epilepticus

VI Neuromuscular Disorders

VII Delirium in the ICU

VIII Useful Facts and Formulas

10 Nutrition

I Aims of Nutritional Support

II Timing of Nutritional Support

III Route of Nutritional Support

IV Gastrointestinal Function During Critical Illness

V Nutrient Requirements (Quantity)

VI Role of Specific Nutrients (Quality)

VII Monitoring Responses to Nutritional Support

VIII Nutrition for Specific Disease Processes

IX Nasoduodenal Feeding Tube Placement

X Recommendations for TPN Use

XI Approach to Enteral Feeding

XII Useful Facts and Formulas

11 Critical Care Oncology

I Central Nervous System

II Pulmonary

III Cardiovascular

IV Gastroenterology

V Renal/Metabolic

VI Hematology

VII Chemotherapy-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions

VIII Immune Compromise

IX Useful Facts and Formulas

12 Critical Care of the Pregnant Patient

I Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

II Amniotic Fluid Embolism

III Useful Facts and Formulas

13 Pulmonary Disorders

I Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

II Asthma

III Pulmonary Embolism

IV Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

V Acute Respiratory Failure

VI Barotrauma

VII Massive Hemoptysis

VIII Upper Airway Obstruction

IX Useful Facts and Formulas

14 Renal and Fluid--Electrolyte Disorders

I AcidBase Disturbances

II Acute Renal Failure

III Electrolyte Abnormalities

IV Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy

V Dialysis

VI Rhabdomyolysis

VII Useful Facts and Formulas

15 Special Techniques

I Airway Management

II Cardioversion/Defibrillation

III Vascular Access

IV Arterial Line

V Pulmonary Artery Catheterization

VI Tube Thoracostomy

VII Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)

VIII Pericardiocentesis

IX Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH)

X Bronchoscopy

16 Toxicology

I GENERAL MANAGEMENT

II Acetaminophen

III ALCOHOL

IV Angiotensin-Converting Ezyme (ACE) Inhibitors

V BETA-BLOCKERS

VI COCAINE

VII Cyanide

VIII CYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS

IX Digoxin

X NARCOTICS

XI Phencyclidine

XII PHENYTOIN

XIII Salicylates

XIV SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS

XV Theophylline

XVI Useful Facts and Formulas

17 Trauma

I Multisystem Trauma

II Head Trauma

III Crush Injury

IV Chest Trauma

V Abdominal Trauma

VI Multiple Fractures

VII Spinal Cord Injury

VIII Useful Facts and Formulas

18 Allergic and Immunologic Emergencies

I Anaphylaxis

II Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (Erythema Multiforme)

III Angioneurotic Laryngeal Edema

19 Pharmacologic Agents Commonly Used in the ICU

20 Common Laboratory Values in the ICU

Index