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Preface
6
Contents
8
Introduction: Stake in the Ground
14
Our Approach
16
Outline of Chapters
19
References
21
1 The Demographic and Policy Context of Supported Independence in Later Life
23
1.1 Introduction
23
1.2 Key Concepts
23
1.3 The Demographic Context
25
1.4 Policy Contexts
29
1.4.1 Determining Eligibility
30
1.4.2 Regulation, Choice and Control
32
1.5 Summary: Demographic and Policy Indicators of a New Social Category
32
References
33
2 The Move from Independence
35
2.1 Introduction
35
2.2 New Life Stage
36
2.2.1 Transitions
37
2.3 Rites of Passage
38
2.3.1 Transition as a Rite of Passage
19
2.3.2 Rites of Passage: Separation
41
2.4 Summary: Separation and the Move from Independence
47
References
21
3 Space and Liminality
51
3.1 Introduction: Older People at Home: Identity, Continuity, Stability
51
3.2 Home and Space
51
3.2.1 Spatial Disruption: Transition
54
3.2.2 New Landscapes at Home
55
3.3 Becoming
56
3.4 The Ageing Body
56
3.4.1 The Extended, Altered, Damaged, Limited Body
57
3.4.2 Bodily Space: The Liminal
58
3.4.3 Re-presenting the Body to Self
59
3.4.4 Re-presenting the Body to Others
60
3.4.5 Re-presenting the Body to Care Workers
61
3.5 Summary
62
References
63
4 Temporality and Liminality
66
4.1 Introduction
66
4.2 Time: Continuity
68
4.2.1 Temporal Disruption
71
4.2.2 Separation: First Rite of Passage
73
4.3 The Liminal Stage
74
4.4 Summary
76
References
78
5 Relational Transitions
81
5.1 Introduction
81
5.1.1 Relationships in Transition---An Overview and Background
82
5.2 Assessment and the Experience of Separation
84
5.3 Agency and Worker Relationships
85
5.3.1 'Fictive Kin'
86
5.3.2 Struggle Within the Care Relationship
87
5.4 Relationships with Families: Informal Caregivers and Experiences of Transition
88
5.4.1 Developing an Identity as a Family Caregiver: Separation
90
5.4.2 Experiences of Liminality: Responsibilities with and without Authority
91
5.4.3 Experiences of Liminality: Physical Challenges
91
5.4.4 Experiences of Liminality: The Changing Spatial Environment
92
5.4.5 Experiences of Liminality: Mixed Emotions and Feelings of Grief and Loss
93
5.5 Becoming an Informal Caregiver: The Experience of Men
93
5.6 Summary
94
References
96
6 Separation, Liminality and the Potential for Reconnections at Home with Care
98
6.1 Introduction
98
6.2 Separation: Trigger Processes and Assessments
99
6.3 Personal Liminality: Dealing with the Damaged Body at Home with Care
102
6.3.1 Liminality and the Relational Landscapes Through Time and Space at Home
105
6.4 The Potential for Reconnection
107
6.5 Summary
107
References
109
7 Care Work and Reconnections
112
7.1 Introduction
112
7.2 Meanings of Care
113
7.2.1 Care … and Its Potential
114
7.2.2 Does Paying for Care Change Its Essential Nature?
117
7.2.3 The Care Relationship and Agency Control
118
7.3 Issues with Current Care Policy and Practice
120
7.3.1 What Needs to Happen to Provide Reconnective Practice?
123
7.4 Summary
124
References
125
8 ReconnectionsSupported Independence and Agency in Frailty
128
8.1 Introduction
128
8.2 New Life Stage?
129
8.3 Care Services and Experiences of Liminality
129
8.3.1 The Potential of Home Care to Address Liminality
131
8.3.2 The Passage into Supported Independence
133
8.4 Implications: Policy and Practice for Reconnections
133
8.4.1 Strengthening the Capacity of Care Workers
135
8.4.2 A Community Development Focus
136
8.4.3 Coordination Between Sectors
137
8.4.4 Supported Housing Arrangements
138
8.5 Areas for Further Research
139
8.6 Summary
140
References
141
Index
143
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