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Taxation of European Companies at the Time of Establishment and Restructuring - Issues and Options for Reform with regard to the Status Quo and the Proposals at the Level of the European Union
von: Christiane Malke
Gabler Verlag, 2010
ISBN: 9783834986559 , 266 Seiten
Format: PDF, OL
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 53,49 EUR
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Taxation of European Companies at the Time of Establishment and Restructuring - Issues and Options for Reform with regard to the Status Quo and the Proposals at the Level of the European Union
Foreword
6
Preface
7
Summary of Contents
8
Table of Contents
8
List of Abbreviations
12
List of Figures
15
List of Tables
17
1 Introduction
18
1.1 Motivation of the thesis
18
1.2 Aim of the thesis and object of examination
23
1.3 Organization of the thesis
24
2 Relevance of the European Company in practice
26
2.1 Basic features of the European Company
26
2.2 Examination of statistical data regarding the use of the European Company
27
2.3 Interim conclusions
32
3 Taxation of European Companies during the time of restructuring in an ideal environment
33
3.1 Guiding tax principles
33
3.1.1 Neutrality and efficiency
33
3.1.2 Equity and fairness
34
3.2 Issues at reorganizations
37
3.2.1 General features of reorganizations
37
3.2.2 Treatment of hidden reserves
38
3.2.3 Retention of unused losses
41
3.2.4 Treatment of tax incentives
42
3.2.5 Additional transaction taxes
42
3.2.6 Scope of rules
43
3.3 Application to purely national contexts
43
3.4 Application to the ideal internal market
44
3.5 Interim conclusions
46
4 Taxation of European Companies during the time of restructuring in the current environment
47
4.1 Guiding tax principles
47
4.1.1 Neutrality and equity in an international context
47
4.1.1.1 International neutrality and efficiency
48
4.1.1.2 International equity and fairness
49
4.1.1.3 Taxing right and time of taxation at international restructurings
52
4.1.1.4 Valuation at international restructurings
56
4.1.1.5 Interim conclusions
57
4.1.2 EU law
58
4.1.2.1 Primary EU law
59
4.1.2.1.1 Decisive fundamental freedoms
59
4.1.2.1.2 Discriminations and restrictions of the fundamental freedoms
61
4.1.2.1.3 Justifications of discriminations and/or restrictions
63
4.1.2.2 Secondary EU law
66
4.1.2.3 Decisive judgments of the European Court of Justice in the context of reorganizations
66
4.1.2.4 Interim conclusions
69
4.1.3 Side condition: Feasibility
69
4.1.4 Interim conclusions
70
4.2 Comparative analysis of the treatment in the EU member states
72
4.2.1 Approach for the comparative analysis
72
4.2.2 Merger Directive
73
4.2.3 Entry
75
4.2.3.1 Merger
75
4.2.3.1.1 Basics with regard to company law
75
4.2.3.1.2 Tax consequences
76
4.2.3.1.2.1 Entity level
78
4.2.3.1.2.1.1 Transferring company/companies
78
4.2.3.1.2.1.1.1 Assets and liabilities in country of transferring company
78
4.2.3.1.2.1.1.2 Permanent establishments in country other than that of transferring company
89
4.2.3.1.2.1.2 Receiving company (SE)
94
4.2.3.1.2.1.2.1 Tax-exempt provisions and reserves
94
4.2.3.1.2.1.2.2 Losses
96
4.2.3.1.2.1.2.3 Prior holdings
99
4.2.3.1.2.1.2.4 Additional transaction taxes
101
4.2.3.1.2.2 Shareholder level
103
4.2.3.1.3 Interim conclusions
110
4.2.3.2 Holding SE
111
4.2.3.2.1 Basics with regard to company law
111
4.2.3.2.2 Tax consequences
112
4.2.3.3 Subsidiary SE
126
4.2.3.3.1 Basics with regard to company law
126
4.2.3.3.2 Tax consequences
126
4.2.3.3.2.1 Contributions of cash or shares
127
4.2.3.3.2.2 Contributions of branches of activity or single assets
128
4.2.3.4 Conversion
145
4.2.4 Transfer
147
4.2.4.1 Basics with regard to company law
147
4.2.4.2 Tax consequences
148
4.2.5 Exit
161
4.2.6 Interim conclusions
162
4.3 Issues and options for reform
164
4.3.1 Company law
164
4.3.2 Tax law
167
4.3.2.1 Missing or incorrect transformation of Merger Directive
167
4.3.2.2 Treatment of accrued hidden reserves
169
4.3.2.2.1 Transfer of assets and companies from one member state to another
170
4.3.2.2.1.1 Issues
170
4.3.2.2.1.1.1 Taxing right and time of taxation
170
4.3.2.2.1.1.1.1 Assessment against the background of international neutrality and equity
171
4.3.2.2.1.1.1.2 Assessment against the background of primary and secondary EU law
173
4.3.2.2.1.1.2 Valuation
179
4.3.2.2.1.1.3 Interim conclusions
181
4.3.2.2.1.2 Options for reform
181
4.3.2.2.1.2.1 Assets remaining in the former jurisdiction to tax
181
4.3.2.2.1.2.2 Assets leaving the former jurisdiction to tax
182
4.3.2.2.1.2.2.1 Requirements with regard to the tax base, the tax rate and the taxable event
182
4.3.2.2.1.2.2.2 Personal, objective and territorial scope
185
4.3.2.2.1.2.2.3 Required coordination between countries involved
185
4.3.2.2.1.2.2.4 Uncoordinated approaches
189
4.3.2.2.1.2.2.5 Other options: taxation of unrealized gains or abolishment of taxing rights upon exit
192
4.3.2.2.1.2.3 Interim conclusions
194
4.3.2.2.2 Transfers of foreign permanent establishments
194
4.3.2.2.3 Transfer of shares from one member state to another
195
4.3.2.2.4 Doubling of hidden reserves
196
4.3.2.3 Retention of unused losses
199
4.3.2.4 Filing obligations and avoidance of abuse
202
4.3.2.5 Additional transaction taxes
204
4.3.3 Interim conclusions
205
5 Taxation of European Companies during the time of restructuring in the proposed environment
208
5.1 Guiding tax principles
208
5.2 Common Corporate Tax Base
209
5.3 Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base
212
5.3.1 Proposed rules
212
5.3.1.1 Ongoing system
212
5.3.1.2 Transitional aspects
217
5.3.2 Issues and options for reform
220
5.3.2.1 Transactions taking place within a consolidated CCCTB group
220
5.3.2.2 Transactions not taking place within a consolidated CCCTB group
225
5.4 Interim conclusions
231
6 Conclusions
233
Appendix
240
List of References
245
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