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The challenge of sustaining soils: Natural and social ramifications of biomass production in a changing world
von: Verena Winiwarter, Martin H Gerzabek
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Verlag, 2012
ISBN: 9783700172918 , 189 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 28,00 EUR
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The challenge of sustaining soils: Natural and social ramifications of biomass production in a changing world
Vorwort
4
Foreword
5
The Challenge of Sustaining Soils
10
1. The rationale of the book
10
2. Challenges of a changing world
10
3. DPSIR, or how can we conceptualize the links between societies and natural systems?
14
4. Putting soils centre stage of the sustainability debate
15
5. Perspectives
18
6. Acknowledgements
18
Chapter I: Endangered soils: A long-term view of the natural and social ramifications of biomass production in agriculture and forestry
21
1. Soils and socio-ecological regimes 1.1. Non-sustainable human-soil interaction
22
1.2. Rights to land
25
1.3. Non-industrial agriculture
29
1.4. Agriculture and the industrial revolution
32
1.5. The way to high-input agriculture
34
2. Energy from biomass: sustainable provision today and in the future
35
2.1. Forest resources
38
2.2. Energy crops
41
2.3. Impacts on soils
41
3. Conclusions
43
4. References
45
Chapter II: Productive soils, global environmental cycles and energy crops
57
1. Introduction
57
2. Soils in geological cycles
58
3. Soil organic matter (SOM)
59
4. The elemental cycles of carbon and nitrogen
62
4.1. The carbon cycle
62
4.2. The nitrogen cycle
66
5. Energy crops: A link between soil and atmosphere
68
6. Conclusions
71
7. References
73
Chapter III: Land use from below: Biofuels, urbanization and sustainable soil management in Europe and Africa
81
1. Introduction
81
2. Formulating policy in a hypothetical world
83
2.1. Hypothetical landscapes
84
2.2. Hypothetical crops
87
3. Agrofuels (1st-generation biofuels) 3.1. EU Climate change mandates and agrofuels market develop-ment
89
3.2. Agrofuels production
92
4. 2nd-generation biofuels
100
4.1. Production technologies
101
4.2. Feedstocks
103
4.3. Water and albedo
108
5. Biofuels and the African continent
114
5.1. Hypothetical landscapes
117
5.2. Soil loss
123
5.3. Soil-plant interactions
125
5.4. Water
131
5.5. Albedo
141
6. Urbanization and climate change
145
6.1. Urban expansion
146
6.2. Soil sealing
147
6.3. Urban soil dependencies
150
6.4. Urban soils and climate change
153
6.5. Urbanization and African biofuels production
154
7. Opportunities for soil restoration
156
7.1. Rural soils
157
7.2. Urban soils
159
8. Summary and conclusions
161
9. References
168
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