Residual Stresses 2018 - ECRS-10

front matter

Table of Contents

Diffraction Methods

Mechanical Relaxation Methods

Acoustic and Electromagnetic Methods

Composites, Nano and Microstructures

Films, Coatings and Oxides

Cold Working and Machining

Heat Treatments and Phase Transformations

Welding, Fatigue and Fracture

Stresses in Additive Manufacturing

Preface

Committees

s1

1

Single Tilt Method for Residual Stress Evaluation with 2D Detectors

Introduction

Geometry and (( Coverage

Summary

References

2

Use of Symmetry for Residual Stress Determination

Introduction

Results

Summary

References

3

Neutron Strain Scanning of Duplex Steel Subjected to 4-Point-Bending with Particular Regard to the Strain Free Lattice Parameter D0

Introduction

Experimental results and discussion

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

4

Plastic Deformation of InSb Micro-Pillars: A Comparative Study Between Spatially Resolved Laue and Monochromatic X-Ray Micro-Diffraction Maps

Introduction

InSb micro-pillars – Mechanical tests

Spatially resolved 2D micro-diffraction maps: comparison between polychromatic and monochromatic cases

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

5

In-Situ Analysis of Material Modifications During Deep Rolling by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Experiments

Introduction

Experimental methods

Experimental methods

Equivalent stress and FWHM distribution in the processed material

Integrated FWHM and stress progression

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

6

Residual Stresses Induced in T Butt Welds from Submerged Arc Welding of High Strength Thick Section Steel Members

Introduction

Experimental Methodology

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

7

In-Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Studies in the Chip Formation Zone During Orthogonal Metal Cutting

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

8

Development of Residual Stresses During Laser Cladding

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

9

Round Robin Study on Residual Stresses Using X-Ray Diffraction for Shot-Peened Tool Steel Specimens

Introduction

Material

Experimental

Results and discussion

Measurement systems analysis

Long time repeatability of the specimens

Round robin measurements

Conclusions

References

10

Convergence Behavior in Line Profile Analysis Using Convolutional Multiple Whole-Profile Software

Introduction

Theorem

Experimental

Results

In the case of parameters b, d, and e as variables

In the case of all parameters as variables

Discussion

Summary

References

11

High-Resolution Neutron Diffraction Setting for Studies of Macro- and Microstrains in Polycrystalline Materials

Introduction

Experimental details

Experimental results of the diffraction profiles - Radial components

Experimental results of the diffraction profiles - Axial components

References

12

Stress Measurements of Coarse Grain Materials using Double Exposure Method with Hard Synchrotron X-Rays

Introduction

Double Exposure Method

Synchrotron X-Ray Measurements and Test Specimens

Residual Stress of the Plastically Bent Specimen

Residual Stress Distributions of the Indented Specimen

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

13

Study of Error Analysis and Sources of Uncertainty in the Measurement of Residual Stresses by the X-Ray Diffraction

Introduction

Experimental

Results and discussion

Conclusions

References

s2

Mechanical Relaxation Methods

14

A Procedure for Plasticity Error Correction for Determination of Residual Stresses by the ESPI-HD Method

Introduction

Determination of residual stresses by the ESPI-HD method

Influence of the plasticity effect on residual stresses calculation

Determination of the plasticity effect by the ESPI-HD method

Summary

References

15

Hole Drilling Residual Stress Evaluations in Cast Iron

Introduction

Material and experimental procedure

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

16

Residual Stresses in Railway Axles

Background

Measurement Methods

Results

Summary

The article has originated in the framework of the institutional support of the long-term conceptual development of the research organization.

References

17

Residual Stress Measurement of the Engineering Plastics by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method

Introduction

Experiment

Results

Summary

References

s3

Acoustic and Electromagnetic Methods

18

Micromagnetic Analysis of Residual Stress Distribution in 42CrMo4 Steel after Thermal and Mechanical Surface Treatment

Introduction

Experimental methods

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

s4

Composites, Nano and Microstructures

19

In Situ Mechanical Behavior of Regenerating Rat Calvaria Bones Under Tensile Load via Synchrotron Diffraction Characterization

Introduction

Materials and methods

Data analysis

Results

Discussion

s5

Films, Coatings and Oxides

20

Residual Stress Analysis in the Oxide Scales Formed on 316L Stainless Steel at 700 C under Humid Air

Introduction

Experimental

Oxidation product characterization

Residual stresses

Summary

References

21

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in PVD Coatings by means of Tubular Substrate Length Variation

Introduction

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in the Coating

Example of application

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

s6

Cold Working and Machining

22

Distinguishing Effect of Buffing Operation on Surface Residual Stress Distribution and Susceptibility of 304L SS and 321 SS Welds to Chloride Induced SCC

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Summary

References

23

Comparison of Different Methods of Residual Stress Determination of Cold-Rolled Austenitic-Ferritic, Austenitic and Ferritic Steels

Introduction

Experiment

Results and discussions

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

24

Effects of Cutting Parameters on the Residual Stresses of SAE 1045 Steel after Turning

Introduction

Experimental Procedure

Summary

References

s7

Heat Treatments and Phase Transformations

25

Characterization of Residual Stresses and Retained Austenite on 416 Stainless Steel via X-Ray Diffraction Techniques

Introduction

Stress Measurement Using the X-Ray Diffraction Technique

Measurement of Percent Retained Austenite

Experimental Procedure

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

References

26

Comparison of Nondestructive Stress Measurement Techniques for Determination of Residual Stresses in the Heat Treated Steels

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

27

Evolution of Microstructure and Residual Stress in Hot Rolled Ti-6Al-4V Plates Subjected to Different Heat Treatment Conditions

Introduction

Materials & Methods

Results & Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

28

Influence of Surface Pretreatment on Residual Stress Field of Heat-Treated Steel Induced by Laser Local Quenching

Introduction

Experimental Procedure

Conclusions

References

s8

Welding, Fatigue and Fracture

29

Residual Stress Formation in Component Related Stress Relief Cracking Tests of a Welded Creep-Resistant Steel

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Spec. A - Slit specimen. The longitudinal residual stress is shown in Fig. 3 (left). Tensile residual stresses up to 400 MPa were found in the HAZ approximately 3 mm from the fusion line. In transition to the weld metal the stresses tended to decrease...

Spec. B - U-shape notched specimen. The U-shape notched specimen had only a small width of 42 mm. The longitudinal residual stresses shown in Fig. 4 (left) indicate that the high tensile stresses are located on the edges of the fillets. The HAZ extend...

Spec. C - Small-scale Specimens. For testing of the small-scale specimens, a mechanical bending was additionally applied longitudinal to the welding direction. Fig. 5 shows the longitudinal residual stresses for the four different states derived from ...

Summary

References

30

In-Situ Determination of Critical Welding Stresses During Assembly of Thick-Walled Components made of High-Strength Steel

Introduction

Experimental

Results

Summary

References

31

Reviewing the Influence of Welding Setup on FE-Simulated Welding Residual Stresses

Introduction

Theoretical Background

Investigated Factors

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

32

Effect of Dengeling on Bending Fatigue Behaviour of Al Alloy 7050 and Comparison with Milling and Shot Peening

Introduction

Experiment details

Results and discussion

Concluding remarks

Acknowledgement

Reference

33

Analysis of Residual Stress State in Deep-Rolled HT-Bolts

Introduction

Setup

Results

Discussion

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

34

Comparing the Influence of Residual Stresses in Bearing Fatigue Life at Line and Point Contact

Introduction

Method of calculation

Computation results

Summary

Acknowledgment

References

35

Limitations and Recommendations for the Measurement of Residual Stresses in Welded Joints

Introduction

Background of the RR-test on welds

Special problems of XRD-application in welded joints

Round-Robin-Test on residual stress determination using XRD

Results of the Residual stress measurements

Summary and conclusions

The determination of residual stresses by means of X-ray diffraction is the most suitable technique if confidential results are expected without any detraction of the investigated components even under rough or difficult environmental conditions. Howe...

Acknowledgement

References

36

Experimental and Computational Analysis of Residual Stress and Mechanical Hardening in Welded High-Alloy Steels

Introduction

Experimental work

Experimental results

Numerical results

Discussion

Summary and future work

Acknowledgement

References

37

Residual Stress Redistribution During Elastic Shakedown in Fillet Welded Plate

Introduction

Methodology for estimating shakedown limit

Experimental studies

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

38

Modelling the Welding Process of an Orthotropic Steel Deck

Introduction

Geometry

Welding procedure

Finite element model

Thermal analysis

Mechanical analysis

Residual stress results

Summary

References

39

Strength Calculation of Stiffened Structures Taking Into Consideration Realistic Weld Imperfections

Introduction

The Coupled Analytical Numerical Hybrid Model

The Finite Element Model of the Curved Stiffened Structure

Application of the Hybrid Model for Calculating Weld Imperfections and Results of a Subsequent Load Capacity Analysis

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

40

Contribution to Simplified Residual Stress Calculations of Multi-Layer Welds

Introduction

Results

Conclusions

References

s9

Stresses in Additive Manufacturing

41

Residual Stresses in Selective Laser Melted Samples of a Nickel Based Superalloy

Introduction

Experimental

Results

Summary

References

42

Evaluation of In-Process Laser Heat Treatment on the Stress Conditions in Laser Metal Deposited Stellite® 21

Introduction

Experimental Method

Micro-Structural Analysis

Micro-Hardness Analysis

Residual Stress Measurement – X-Ray Diffraction Method

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

43

Residual Stresses Analysis in AISI 316L Processed by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Treated by Mechanical Post-Processing Treatments

Introduction

Materials and methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

44

Analytical Model for Distortion Prediction in Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

45

An Analytical Method for Predicting Residual Stress Distribution in Selective Laser Melted/Sintered Alloys

Nomenclature

Introduction

Formulation of the proposed analytical model

Parametric study

Validation and verification of the proposed analytical model

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

46

Determination of the X-Ray Elastic Constants of the Ti-6Al-4V Processed by Powder Bed-Laser Beam Melting

Introduction

XEC Determination Method

Results

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

back matter

Keyword Index

Author Index

About the Editor