Thermoset Composites - Preparation, Properties and Applications

front-matter

Thermoset Composites: Preparation, Properties and Applications

Table of Contents

Preface

Energy Absorption of Natural Fibre Reinforced Thermoset Polymer Composites Materials for Automotive Crashworthiness: A Review

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Materials

1.3 Thermoset and thermoplastic composites

1.4 Matrix

1.5 Test methodologies

1.5.1 Quasi-static test

1.5.2 Dynamic test

1.6 Crashworthiness design

1.7 Crashworthiness prerequisites

1.8 Energy-absorbing thermoset composite structures

1.9 Assessing factors of energy absorption capability

1.9.1 Crush force efficiency (CFE)

1.9.2 Stroke efficiency (SE)

1.9.3 Initial failure indictor (IFI)

1.9.4 Specific energy absorption ES

1.10 Volumetric Energy absorption capability

1.11 Energy absorption

1.12 Literature survey

1.13 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

2

Wood Flour Filled Thermoset Composites

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Wood polymer composites

2.3 Wood flour composites (WFCs)

2.3.1 Processing of WFCs

2.3.2 Properties of WFCs

2.3.2.1 Mechanical properties

2.3.2.2 Surface roughness and wettability

2.3.2.3 Water absorption tests

2.3.2.4 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)

2.3.2.5 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

2.3.2.6 Dynamic mechanical tests (DMA)

2.3.2.7 Creep test

2.3.2.8 Flammability characteristics

2.3.2.9 Tomography

2.3.3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis

2.4 Practical applications

Conclusions

References

3

Experimental and Analysis of Jute Fabric with Silk Fabric Reinforced Polymer Composites

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Materials and methods

3.3 Preparation of composites

3.4 Experimentation

3.5 Results and discussions on experimentation

3.6 Analysis

Conclusion

References

4

Biosourced Thermosets for Lignocellulosic Composites

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Urea, also a natural material for wood adhesives

4.3 Tannin thermoset binders for wood adhesives

4.4 New technologies for industrial tannin adhesives

4.5 Tannin-Hexamethylenetetramine (Hexamine) adhesives and adhesives with alternative aldehydes

4.6 Hardening by tannins autocondensation

4.7 Lignin adhesives

4.8 Protein adhesives

4.9 Carbohydrate adhesives

4.10 Unsaturated oil adhesives

Conclusions

References

5

Hybrid Bast Fibre Strengthened Thermoset Composites

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Bast fibre

5.2.1 Surface morphology and elemental composition analysis

5.2.2 Structural composition and the physical properties of the bast fibre

5.2.3 Composition and the properties of the different bast fibre

5.3 Advantage and limitation of bast fibre as reinforcing material

5.4 Surface modification of bast fibres

5.5 Methods for surface modification of natural fibres

5.3.1 Physical methods

5.5.2 Chemical methods

5.5.2.1 Alkali treatment

5.5.2.2 Graft copolymerization

5.5.2.3 Acetylation

5.5.2.4 Treatment with isocyanate

5.5.2.5 Other chemical treatments

Conclusions

References

6

Nano-Carbon/Polymer Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding, Structural Mechanical and Field Emission Applications

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Shielding parameters of GNCs/Polyurethane nanocomposites

6.2.2 Characterizations and measurements

6.2.3 Analysis of microwave parameters

6.2.4 E?cient microwave absorbing properties:

6.3 Nanocomposite approach for structural engineering

6.3.1 GNCs as effective nanofiller

6.3.2 Dispersibility investigations: homogeneous distribution vs agglomeration and interfacial adhesion of GNCs

6.3.3 Raman mapping of GNCs nanocomposites

6.3.4 Optical imaging

6.3.5 Mechanical properties of GNCs/nanocomposites

6.3.3 Fracture mechanisms using fractography

6.3.4 Thermal and physical properties

6.4 MWNTs/nylon composite nanofibers by electrospinning

6.4.1 Synthesis of composite

6.4.2 Characterizations

6.4.3 I–V characteristic of the nanofiber composite

6.5 Carbon nanotube composite: Dispersion routes and field emission parameters

6.5.1 Synthesis of thin multiwall carbon nanotube composite

6.5.2 Characterization

6.3.3 Field emission parameters for the t–MWCNT–composite

Summary

References

7

Conductive Thermoset Composites

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Historical background of thermoset polymers

7.3 Method of Composite processing

7.4 Different types of CTC

7.4.1 Epoxy Based CTC

7.4.2 Polyurethane based CTC

7.4.3 Polyester based CTC

7.4.4 Polybenzoxanines based CTC

7.5 Properties of CTC

7.5.1 Thermal properties

7.5.2 Mechanical properties

7.5.3 Electrical properties

7.6 Applications of conductive thermoset composites

7.6.1 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding

7.6.2 Anti-corrosive coatings

7.6.3 Shape memory application

7.6.4 Other applications

7.7 Problems and solution associated with CTC

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

8

Waterborne Thermosetting Polyurethane Composites

8.1 Introduction

8.2 PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.1 Inorganic oxide based PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.1.1 Silica-based PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.1.2 Titania (TiO2) based PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.1.3 Zinc oxide (ZnO) based PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.1.4 Other inorganic oxide-based PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.2 PUD thermosetting composites with metal (Ag and Au) nanoparticles

8.2.3 PUD/clay thermosetting composites

8.2.4 PUD/Carbohydrate thermosetting composites

8.2.4.1 Cellulose-based PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.4.2 Starch reinforced PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.5 PUD thermosetting composites reinforced with nanocarbon materials

8.2.5.1 Graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based PUD thermosetting composites

8.2.5.2 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced PUD thermosetting composites

Summary

Abbreviations

References

9

Classical Thermoset Epoxy Composites for Structural Purposes: Designing, Preparation, Properties and Applications

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Methods for modifying liquid epoxy compositions

9.2.1 Chemical modification of liquid epoxy compositions

9.2.2 Physico-chemical modification of liquid epoxy compositions

9.2.3 Methods of physical modification of liquid epoxy compositions

9.3 Physico-chemical aspects of the modification of epoxy polymers by dispersed and continuous fibrous fillers

9.3.1 Features of the formation of clusters in a polymer composite

9.3.2 Analysis of the surface interaction of fillers with epoxy oligomers

9.3.2.1 Surface interaction of inorganic fillers with epoxy oligomers

9.3.2.2 Surface interaction of organic fillers with epoxy oligomers

9.3.2.3 The mechanism of molecular interaction between epoxy polymer and filler

9.4 Effect of ultrasonic treatment regimes on the properties of epoxy polymers

9.4.1 Technological and operational properties of epoxy polymers

9.4.2 Physico-mechanical and technological properties of sonificated epoxy matrices

9.5 Ultrasonic intensification of prepregs formation

9.5.1 Process of capillary impregnation

9.5.2 Effect of ultrasonic modification regimes on the kinetics of impregnation of continuous fibrous fillers

9.6 Ultrasonic processing devices for liquid polymer systems

9.7 Modeling of the structure of oriented and woven fibrous materials

9.7.1 Physical models of a capillary-porous medium based on oriented fibrous fillers

9.8 Modeling of technical means for production of polymer composite materials

9.8.1 The technology of ultrasonic production of long-length epoxy composites

9.8.2 Modeling of technical means for thermoplastic production

9.9 Other applications of ultrasonic in the production of thermosets and thermoplastic

9.9.1 The effectiveness of ultrasonic treatment for the production of epoxy nanocomposites

9.9.2 Pepair technologies for the maintenance and restoration of polyethylene pipelines

Conclusions

References

10

A Review on Tribological Performance of Polymeric Composites Based on Natural Fibres

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Natural fibres

10.3 Polymer

10.4 Composite

10.5 Tribology

10.6 Friction and wear

Summary

Future Developments

References

back-matter

Keyword Index

About the Editors