Co-Existence and Co-Release of Classical Neurotransmitters - Ex uno plures

Contents

Contributors

Coexistence of Neuromessenger Molecules -- A Perspective

1.1 Chemical Transmission

1.2 Identity and Function of Neurotransmitters

1.3 Neurons Only Produce One Transmitter

1.4 Some Historical Aspects - Dale’s Principle

1.5 Early Evidence for One Neuron-Multiple Transmitters

1.6 Coexistíng Neuropeptides

1.7 Neurotransmitter Storage

1.8 Is the Classic Transmitter Always the Main Messenger?

1.9 Also Aminoacid Transmitters Coexist

1.10 Functional Consequences and Clinical Implications

1.11 Concluding Remarks

References

Ex uno plures: Out of One, Many

2.1 What Is a Classical Neurotransmitter?

2.2 What Is a Modulatory Transmitter?

2.3 Dale’s Principle

2.4 Coexistence and Co-release of Classical Neurotransmitters

2.5 Colocalization of Receptors for Classical Neurotransmitters

2.6 Consequences and Functional Advantages of Classical Neurotransmitter Co-release

2.7 What Do We Still Need to Know?

References

Mechanisms of Synapse Formation: Activity-Dependent Selection of Neurotransmitters and Receptors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Specification

3.3 Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Receptor Specification

3.4 Matching of Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors: Perfect Encounter or a Selection Process?

3.5 Qualitative Changes in Transmission and Cotransmission of Classical Neurotransmitters: What for?

References

Co-Release of Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine by Mammalian Sympathetic Neurons: Regulation by Target-Derived Signaling

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Developmental Regulation of Neurotransmitter Expression in Sympathetic Neurons by Target-Derived Signals

4.3 Plasticity of Sympathetic Neurotransmitter Phenotype: Cell Culture Studies

4.4 Neurotrophins Induce a Rapid Switch in Neurotransmitter Status of Sympathetic Neurons

4.5 Neurotrophins Regulate the Firing Properties of Sympathetic Neurons via Differential Activation of Trk and p75 Receptors

4.6 Future Directions

References

GABA, Glycine, and Glutamate Co-Release at Developing Inhibitory Synapses

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Dual Release of GABA or Glycine and Other Neurotransmitters

5.3 Summary

References

GABA is the Main Neurotransmitter Released from Mossy Fiber Terminals in the Developing Rat Hippocampus

6.1 gamma-Aminobutiric Acid (GABA) Plays a Crucial Role in Developmental Networks

6.2 Mossy Fiber Synapses

6.3 Criteria for Identifying Single Mossy Fiber Responses

6.4 GABA Is the Main Neurotransmitter Released by MF Early in Postnatal Life

6.5 GDPs as Coincidence Detectors for Enhancing Synaptic Efficacy at Low Probability MF-CA3 Synapses

References

Postsynaptic Determinants of Inhibitory Transmission at Mixed GABAergic/Glycinergic Synapses

7.1 Introduction

7.2 An Overview of Inhibitory Co-transmission in the Mammalian Brain

7.3 Cellular and Molecular Organization of Mixed Inhibitory Circuits

7.4 Functional Correlate of Inhibitory Co-transmission: Tuning the Timecourse of Inhibition at Mixed Synapses

7.5 Conclusion

References

Glutamate Co-Release by Monoamine Neurons

8.1 General Introduction

8.2 Morphological Heterogeneity of Monoaminergic Axon Terminals

8.3 Initial Electrophysiological and Anatomical Work Suggesting the Presence of Glutamate in Monoamine Neurons

8.4 Initial Microculture Studies Showing Glutamate Co-release by 5-HT and DA Neurons

8.5 Discovery of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters

8.6 Presence of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters in Monoamine Neurons

8.7 Regulation of the Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters in Neurons

8.8 Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Dopamine and Serotonin Crosstalk Within the Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Systems

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Mesostriatal Dopamine System

9.3 Forebrain Serotonin System

9.4 Dopamine and Serotonin Co-Transmission

9.5 Summary

References

The Dual Glutamatergic/GABAergic Phenotype of Hippocampal Granule Cells

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Activation of Granule Cells can Transiently Evoke Monosynaptic GABAA-R Mediated Intracellular Responses and Population Responses in the CA3

10.3 Function: The DG as an Inhibitory Structure

10.4 Indirect Evidence, Direct Questions

References

Synaptic Co-Release of ATP and GABA

11.1 Introduction

11.2 ATP/GABA Synaptic Cotransmission

11.3 Physiological Role of ATP/GABA Cotransmission: From Facts to Speculations

11.4 Conclusion

References

The Co-Release of Glutamate and Acetylcholine in the Vertebrate Nervous System

12.1 Short Background to Neurotransmitter Co-release

12.2 Co-release of Glutamate and ACh - History and Evidence

12.3 Functional Significance of Glutamate and ACh Co-release

12.4 Concluding Remarks

Reference

Colocalization and Cotransmission of Classical Neurotransmitters: An Invertebrate Perspective

13.1 Introduction

13.2 ‘‘Giant’’ Serotonergic Cells

13.3 Cholinergic/Serotonergic Mechanosensory Neurons

13.4 Dopaminergic/Serotonergic Neurosecretory Cells

13.5 Cholinergic/GABAergic Interneurons in Aplysia

13.6 Dopaminergic/GABAergic Interneurons in Aplysia

13.7 Overview

13.8 Future Directions

13.9 Conclusions

References

E pluribus unum: Out of Many, One

14.1 What Do We Still Need to Know?

Reference

Index