Suchen und Finden
Linking and Aligning Scores and Scales
von: Neil J. Dorans, Mary Pommerich, Paul W. Holland
Springer-Verlag, 2007
ISBN: 9780387497716 , 396 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 96,29 EUR
Dedication
6
Foreword
7
Preface
9
List of Contributors
19
1 Overview
21
Part 1: Foundations
23
2 A Framework and History for Score Linking
24
2.1. Introduction
24
2.2. Predicting
25
2.4. Equating: Same Construct and the Same Intended Difficulty and Reliability
39
2.5. A Brief Note on the Theory of Equating
48
3 Data Collection Designs and Linking Procedures
50
3.1. Introduction
50
3.2. Features of Testing Situations
51
3.3. Types of Linking Considered
52
3.4. Linking Functions and Features of Testing Situations
54
3.5. Linking Designs
56
3.6. Linking Procedures
68
3.7. Summary and Conclusions
73
Part 2: Equating
75
4 Equating: Best Practices and Challenges to Best Practices
76
4.1. Equating
76
4.2. Best Practices
78
4.3. Challenges to Best Practices
80
4.4. Discussion
87
4.5. Summary
88
5 Practical Problems in Equating Test Scores: A Practitioner’s Perspective
90
5.1. Introduction
90
5.2 The Nonequivalent Groups Anchor Test Design
92
5.3. Characteristics of the New and Old Forms
93
5.4. Characteristics of the Groups Used for Equating
96
5.5. Characteristics of the Anchor Test (Common Items)
101
5.6. Conclusions
104
6 Potential Solutions to Practical Equating Issues
106
6.1. Introduction
106
6.2. Observed-Score Equating Methods
108
6.3. Addressing the Fairness Issue: Population Invariance of Equating Functions
109
6.4. Addressing the Small-Samples Issue: Synthetic Linking Functions
113
6.5. Addressing Differences in Ability in the Two Populations of the NEAT Design
116
6.6. Addressing the Stability of Equating Results: Kernel Equating and Applications
118
6.7. Discussion
122
Part 3: Tests in Transition
124
7 Score Linking Issues Related to Test Content Changes
125
7.1. Introduction
125
7.2. Major Linking Issues for Tests in Transition
127
7.3. Considerations for Data Collection Design
133
7.4. Equatability Analyses
138
7.5. Discussion
149
8 Linking Scores Derived Under Different Modes of Test Administration
151
8.1. Introduction
151
8.2. Background
152
8.3. Comparability Issues Involving Scores from Computer- Based and Paper- and- Pencil Tests
154
8.4. Mode of Presentation Linking Designs
157
8.5. Random Groups Design
158
8.6. Single Group Counterbalanced Test Design
163
8.7. Anchor Test: Nonequivalent Groups Design
170
8.8. Summary
174
9 Tests in Transition: Discussion and Synthesis
176
9.1. The Liu and Walker Chapter on Test Content Changes
177
9.2. Eignor Chapter on Mode of Administration
183
9.3. Additional Perspectives
186
Part 4: Concordance
191
10 Sizing Up Linkages
192
10.1. Introduction
192
10.2. What Makes a Linking an Equating?
194
10.3. Why Is Reliability Important?
196
10.4. Uncertainty Reduction
197
10.5. Population Invariance of Linking Functions
201
10.6. Sizing Up Linkages
204
10.7. Summary
210
10.8. Postscript
211
11 Concordance: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
212
11.1 Background
212
11.2. Definitions
214
11.3. The Concordance Process
215
11.4. The Concordance Dilemma
224
11.5. Conclusions
228
12 Some Further Thoughts on Concordance
230
12.1. Four Common Score Uses in College Admission
230
12.2. Other Thoughts on Concordance Tables
241
12.3. Coastal Aspirations and Midland Acquisitions
242
12.4. Conclusions
242
12.5. Postscript
243
Part 5: Vertical Scaling
244
13 Practical Issues in Vertical Scaling
245
13.1. Introduction
245
13.2. Conceptual Issues
247
13.3. Technical Issues
252
13.4. Implementation Issues
257
13.5. Scale Maintenance Issues
260
13.6. Other Issues
262
13.7. Summary
262
14 Methods and Models for Vertical Scaling
264
14.1. Introduction
264
14.2. General Modeling Issues in Vertical Scaling Contexts
265
14.3. A Multidimensional, Multigroup IRT Model for Vertical Scaling
271
14.4. Discussion
282
15 Vertical Scaling and No Child Left Behind
284
15.1. Comments on the Other Vertical Scaling Chapters
284
15.2. Vertical Scales: An Historical Perspective
285
15.3. The NCLB Era
289
15.4. Summary
293
Part 6: Linking Group Assessments to Individual Assessments
295
16 Linking Assessments Based on Aggregate Reporting: Background and Issues
296
16.1. Linking Methods
298
16.2. The Seeds Are Sown: Linkages of NAEP with IAEP and the ASVAB
300
16.3. State Linkages with NAEP
304
16.5. More Recent Linkages with NAEP
313
16.6. Problems Requiring Further Research
315
16.7. Conclusions
319
17 An Enhanced Method for Mapping State Standards onto the NAEP Scale
322
17.1. Introduction
322
17.2. Outline of the Methodology
325
17.3. Details of the Methodology
327
17.4. Estimation of Variances
333
17.5. Results
337
17.6. Mapping the NAEP Achievement Standards onto a State Test Scale
340
17.7. Conclusions and Recommendations
342
18 Using Aggregate-Level Linkages for Estimation and Validation: Comments on Thissen and Braun & Qian
348
18.1. Comments on the Thissen Chapter
349
18.2. Comments on Braun and Qian
351
18.3. More on Failures of Invariance over Time
357
18.4. Conclusion
362
19 Postscript
363
19.1. The Descent of Linking
363
19.2. Extreme Linkages
364
19.3. IRT: Tool Versus Theory
365
19.4. Future Trends
365
19.5. Closing Comments
366
References
368
Author Index
389
Subject Index
394
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