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Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Environments
von: AL. Ramanathan, Prosun Bhattacharya, Thorsten Dittmar, B. Prasad, B. Neupane
Springer-Verlag, 2010
ISBN: 9789048130689 , 282 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 96,29 EUR
Title Page
2
Copyright Page
3
Foreword
4
Preface
7
About the Editors
10
Table of Contents
13
SECTION 1 Evaluation, Status Prediction, Modelling and Developments of Coastal Zones: Management Issues
16
1 Observational Needs for Sustainable Coastal Prediction and Management
17
1. INTRODUCTION
17
1.1 Defining the Earth System
18
1.2 What is Sustainability?
18
1.3 Modelling the Earth System
19
1.4 Earth System Prediction
20
1.5 Observing the Earth System for Sustainable Management
21
2. OBSERVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT
22
2.1 Observing the Natural-human System
23
2.2 Observing the Coast from Microbes to Man
25
2.3 A Prototype Regional Earth System Prediction for an Estuary
26
2.4 Model-data Synthesis for Sustainable Management
27
3. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
28
REFERENCES
28
2 Ecological Modelling as a Tool for Coastal Ecosystem Management
33
1. INTRODUCTION
33
2. COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND MODELLING
34
3. STATISTICAL ECOSYSTEM MODELLING
35
4. DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM MODELLING
37
4.1 Hydrodynamic Modelling
37
4.1.1 Hydrostatic Models
37
4.1.2 Non-hydrostatic Models
39
4.1.3 Challenges of Current Hydrodynamic/Physical Models
40
4.2 Lower Trophic Level Modelling
40
4.3 Higher Trophic Level Food Web Modelling
42
4.4 Sediment Flux Modelling
43
5. SPECIAL ISSUES
45
5.1 Marshes, Wetlands and Mangroves
45
5.2 Data Assimilation
46
5.3 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Modelling
47
5.4 Model Skill Assessment
48
6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
49
REFERENCES
50
3 Current Status of Coastal Zone Management Practices in India
56
1. INTRODUCTION
56
2. STATUS OF INDIAN COASTAL ENVIRONMENT
57
3. IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON THE INDIAN COASTAL ENVIRONMENT
60
4. MAJOR INITIATIVES FOR PROTECTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
64
4.1 Implementation of the CRZ Notification
65
4.2 Current Status of the CRZ
66
4.3 Objections against the CZM Notification
67
4.3.1 The CZM Notification – Conservation
67
4.3.2 The CZM Notification – Sustainable Development
68
4.3.3 The CZM Notification – Livelihoods
68
5. CONCLUSION
69
REFERENCES
69
4 Climate Resilient Coastal Zone Development in Bangladesh: Participatory Governance for Common Resources Management
72
1. INTRODUCTION
72
2. COMMON PROPERTY REGIME: AN ENTRY POINT FOR POVERTY REDUCTION
73
2.1 Participatory Governance of the Common Resources
73
2.2 Case Studies on Individual, Community and Systematic Capability Approach
74
2.3 Discussion on Case Studies and Way Forward
76
3. COASTAL FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT THROUGH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
76
4. COASTAL LAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT THROUGH PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
78
5. CREATE MECHANISMS TO ENSURE STAKEHOLDERS’ PARTICIPATION IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AT LOCAL LEVEL
79
6. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMON WEALTH AND PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT
80
6.1 Common Wealth for Sustainable Management (CWSM) – With Special Reference to SPA
80
6.2 CWSM – With Special Reference to Shrimp Cultivation
80
6.3 CWSM – With Special Reference to Coastal Embankments and Its Erosion Control
81
6.4 CWSM – With Special Reference to Joint Coastal Forest Management
82
7. CONCLUSIONS
83
REFERENCES
85
5 Present Status, Challenges and Management of the Japanese Coastal Zone Environment
87
1. INTRODUCTION
87
2. FACTS ABOUT THE JAPANESE COASTLINE
88
3. MAJOR CONCERNS OF JAPANESE COAST
90
3.1 Sea Level Rise and Climate Change
90
3.2 Eco-hydrological Conditions
90
3.3 Anthropogenic Utilization and Their Impact
91
3.4 Disaster Situation and Their Prevention
92
4. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN JAPAN
93
4.1 Legal Framework of Coastal Management
93
4.2 Integrated Coastal Zone Management—Concept
93
4.3 ICZM Practices in Japan
94
4.4 Challenges for Integrated Coastal Zone Management
96
5. CONCLUSIONS
96
REFERENCES
97
6 Integrating Hydrologic and Hydrodynamic Models for Decision Support Systems and Management of Coastal Zones and Estuaries
99
1. INTRODUCTION
99
2. STUDY AREA
101
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
101
3.1 Mixing/flow Dynamics
102
3.2 Spatially Distributed Hydrologic Forcing
104
3.3 Calibration, Validation/Verification with a Case Study
105
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
106
5. CONCLUSIONS
109
REFERENCES
110
7 Creation of System “Delta-Sea” as a Basis of Ecosystem Approach to the Management of Large Aral Sea’s Coastal Zone
112
1. INTRODUCTION
112
2. SOUTHERN PREARALIE: DEVELOPING SITUATION
114
2.1 Basic Results of Researches Carried Out and Suggestions for Aral Sea’s Survival
115
2.2 Eternal Russian Question: What to do?
115
3. CONCLUSION
118
REFERENCES
118
SECTION 2 Coastal Zone Water Resources (Quantity and Quality): Challenges for Sustainability
120
8 Critical Evaluation of the Recent Development and Trends in Submarine Groundwater Discharge Research in Asia
121
1. INTRODUCTION
121
2. PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND DRIVERS
124
3. ESTIMATION OF THE MAGNITUDE OF SGD
125
3.1 Investigations from the Land Side
126
3.2 Investigations from the Sea Side
127
3.3 Indirect Indicators of SGD
128
3.4 Mixing Near the Sea Shore
129
4. IMPORTANCE OF SGD IN ASIAN OUTLOOK
129
5. CURRENT STATUS OF SGD RESEARCH IN ASIA
131
5.1 Japan
131
5.2 Korea
133
5.3 India
134
5.4 Bangladesh
136
5.5 Thailand
136
5.6 China
137
6. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
137
7. SUMMARY
139
REFERENCES
139
9 Influence of Climate Factors on the Groundwater Resources of Coastal Tamilnadu
144
1. INTRODUCTION
144
1.1 Study Area
145
1.2 Quaternary Formations
146
1.3 Depth to Water Table
147
2. METHODOLOGY
147
3. HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY
147
3.1 Tritium
147
3.2 Geochemical Nature
150
3.3 18O
152
3.4 13C
153
4. CONCLUSION
155
REFERENCES
155
10 Natural Arsenic in Coastal Groundwaters in the Bengal Delta Region in West Bengal, India
158
1. INTRODUCTION
158
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
160
2.1 Study Area
160
2.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques
161
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
161
3.1 pH, Redox and Major Ion Characteristics
161
3.2 Distribution of Arsenic, Iron, Manganese and DOC
162
3.3 Relationship between the Key Water Quality Parameters with Redox Sensitive Elements
163
3.4 Statistical Evaluation of the Data
166
3.4.1 Factor 1
166
3.4.2 Factor 2
166
3.4.3 Factor 3
169
4. CONCLUSIONS
169
REFERENCES
170
11 Chemical Composition and Origin of the Coastal Zone Thermal Springs in Far East Russia
173
1. INTRODUCTION
173
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
174
3. STUDY AREA
175
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
175
4.1 Major Ions
175
4.2 Trace Elements
177
4.2.1 Siderophile Elements
178
4.2.2 Chalcophile Elements
178
4.2.3 Lithophile Group
178
4.2.4 Rare-earth Elements (REE)
179
4.3 Gas Composition
180
4.4 Origin of Thermal Waters
180
5. CONCLUSIONS
182
REFERENCES
182
SECTION 3 Biodiversity of Coastal Zones and Its Sustainability
184
12 Organic Matter and Mangrove Productivity
185
1. INTRODUCTION
185
2. ORGANIC MATTER SOURCES AND SINKS
187
3. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTER
189
3.1 Atomic C:N Ratio and Stable Carbon Isotopes
189
3.2 Molecular Biomarkers
190
4. OUTWELLING AND TRANSPORT OF MANGROVE ORGANIC MATTER
193
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
197
REFERENCES
197
13 Influence of Terrestrial Inputs on Mangrove and Coral Reef: Primary Productivity of the Andaman Islands
204
1. BACKGROUND
204
2. STUDY AREA
205
Mangrove Forests of the Andaman Islands
206
Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Andaman Islands
207
Significance of the Terrestrial and Coastal Ecosystems
207
Mineralization and Immobilization
208
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
209
Sampling of Surface Water
209
Sediment Denitrification
210
Primary Productivity
211
Leaf Litter C:N Estimation
211
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
212
4.1 Spatial Variations
212
4.2 Denitrification
215
4.3 SEDIMENT CARBON AND NITROGEN
216
4.4 Primary Productivity
217
4.5 Leaf Litter C:N Analysis
218
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
219
REFERENCES
220
14 Dissolved Metal Distribution in Indian Mangrove Ecosystem: Case Studies from East Coast of India
222
1. INTRODUCTION
222
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
224
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
225
4. CONCLUSION
232
REFERENCES
232
SECTION 4 Threats to Coastal Aquatic Ecosystems: Developmental and Sustainability Issues
235
15 Shrimp Culture: Trend, Consequences and Sustainability in the South-western Coastal Region of Bangladesh
236
1. INTRODUCTION
236
2. CURRENT STATE OF SHRIMP CULTURE
238
3. THE TRENDS
239
3.1 Trends in the Changes of Land-use Pattern
239
3.2 Trends in Employment Pattern
240
3.3 Trends in Yield, Export and Earnings
241
3.4 Trends in Local Supply Chain
241
4. THE CONSEQUENCES
242
4.1 Consequences on the Physical Environment
243
4.2 Consequences on the Biological Environment
243
4.3 Societal and Economic Consequences
244
5. THE BLUE REVOLUTION: A REALITY CHECK
246
6. THE ISSUE OF SUSTAINABILITY: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
247
7. THE MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABILITY: POLICY AND LEGAL ISSUES
248
8. CONCLUSION
249
REFERENCES
249
16 Role of Sand Dunes and Mangroves in the Mitigation of Coastal Hazards with Reference to 2004 Tsunami
254
1. INTRODUCTION
254
2. SAND DUNES
256
2.1 Sand Dunes Saved the Villages
257
2.2 Saving the Sand Dunes
258
2.2.1 Dune Grass Planting
258
2.2.2 Dune Thatching
259
2.2.3 Sand Bag Structures
259
2.2.4 Public Awareness and Community-based Participation
259
3. MANGROVES
260
3.1 Causes of Depletion
261
3.2 Mangroves – Life Saving Role
262
3.3 Protecting Mangroves
263
4. MODEL PLAN
264
5. CONCLUSION
266
REFERENCES
266
17 Assessment of Potential Health Risk through Arsenic Flow in FoodChain—A Study in Gangetic Delta of West Bengal
268
1. INTRODUCTION
268
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
270
2.1 Teflon Bomb Digestion of Vegetable and Crop Samples
270
2.2 Sample Analysis
271
3. RESULTS
271
3.1 Bioaccumulation of Arsenic in Cereals and Pulses
271
3.2 Bioaccumulation of Arsenic in Vegetables
272
3.3 Food Habits and Arsenic Intake from Diverse Sources
273
3.4 Daily Arsenic Intake through Food Stuff
273
4. DISCUSSION
275
5. CONCLUSION
276
REFERENCES
277
Author Index
279
Subject Index
280
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