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Latinos and the Economy - Integration and Impact in Schools, Labor Markets, and Beyond
Acknowledgments
6
Contents
7
Contributors
9
1 Introduction
11
Latinos and the Economic Future
11
The Chapters
13
Latino Population Growth: Facts, Trends, and History
17
Notes
20
References
21
Part I K12 Education
22
2 The Hispanic Diaspora and the Public Schools: Educating Hispanics
23
Introduction
24
Data
26
The Dispersion and Suburbanization of Hispanic Schooling
26
Dispersion
26
Suburbanization
31
Suburban Schooling
33
The Impact of Dispersion on Hispanic Education Conditions
34
Public School Changes in New Settlement Areas
36
The Impact of Suburbanization on Hispanic Education Conditions
39
Conclusions
39
Notes
42
References
43
3 System of Elections, Latino Representation, and School Policy in Central California Schools
45
Introduction
45
Review of the Literature
47
Data and Methods
48
Latino Representation in Central California Schools
50
Modeling Latino School Board Representation
53
The Impact of Latino Representation on Policy
57
Views about Challenges and Priorities in the District
61
Conclusion and Policy Implications
65
Notes
66
References
67
Part II Higher Education
69
4 Does Reducing College Costs Improve Educational Outcomes for Undocumented Immigrants? EvidenceINTbreak; from State Laws Permitting Undocumented ImmigrantsINTbreak; to Pay In-State Tuition at State Colleges and Universities
70
Introduction
70
Background
72
Legislative Background
72
Related Literature
73
Theoretical and Empirical Framework
75
Theoretical Considerations
75
Empirical Framework
78
Data
80
Results
84
Effect on College Attendance
84
Effect on Dropping Out of High School
94
Conclusion
95
Notes
97
References
100
5 Is There a Link Between Hispanics and First-Generation College Students? The Importance of ExposureINTbreak; to a College-Going Tradition
102
Introduction
102
The Data and Sample
105
Descriptive Findings
107
A. Outcomes in Postsecondary Education by Generational Status
107
B. What Kind of Institutions Do First-Generation College Students Attend?
110
Hispanic and College Generation Status
112
Conclusions and Policy Implications
114
Notes
116
References
116
Part III Legalization and Naturalization
118
6 The Effects of Legalization on Migrant Remittances
119
Introduction
119
Theoretical Framework
121
The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
122
Data
122
Research Strategy
125
Results
127
Changes in the Likelihood of Remitting Money Back Home
127
Changes in the Dollar Amount Remitted Back Home
130
Concluding Remarks
133
Notes
135
Appendix
136
References
137
7 Naturalization and Its Determinants Among Immigrants from Latin America: The Role of Dual Citizenship Rights
139
Introduction
140
Modeling an Immigrants Decision to Naturalize in the United States
142
Identifying the Effects of Dual Citizenship Rights on an Immigrants Propensity to Naturalize
143
Changes in Dual Citizenship Laws in the 1990s
144
Empirical Analysis
145
Data
145
Empirical Model
147
Other Influences on the Propensity to Naturalize in the 1990s
148
Estimation Results
149
Effects of Changes in Dual Citizenship Rights on the Probability of Naturalization
149
Specification Checks
151
Conclusions
153
Notes
154
References
155
Part IV Earnings
157
8 The LEP Earnings Penalty Among Hispanic Men in the US: 1980 to 2005
158
Introduction
158
Conceptual Issues
160
Overview of LEP Earnings and Education Differentials
162
Analyses of the Relative Earnings of the LEP
164
Hispanic Ethnicity and the LEP Penalty
166
Education and the LEP Penalty
167
Foreign Education and the LEP Penalty
167
Conclusion
169
Notes
170
References
171
9 The Minimum Wage and Latino Workers
173
Introduction
173
Theoretical Background
174
Data
176
Methods
182
Results
183
Substitution across Skill Groups
185
Legal Status and Years of US Residence
187
Conclusion
190
Notes
191
Appendix
193
References
194
10 Latino Veterans and Income: Are There Gains from Military Service
196
Introduction
196
Literature Review
197
Theoretical Accountings
198
Military Service as a Positive Start----Status-Attainment and Social Capital Theories
198
Military Service as a Penalty----Human Capital Theory
199
Military Service as a Contextually Dependent Setback----The Life-Course Theory
200
Data and Methods
200
Results
204
Conclusions
208
Notes
209
References
209
Part V Economic Impacts of Latinos
213
11 Do Recent Latino Immigrants Compete for JobsINTbreak; with Native Hispanics and Earlier Latino Immigrants?
214
Introduction
214
Why Focus on the Impact of Immigration on Hispanics
216
Demographic and Labor Market Characteristics of Native Hispanics, and Latino and Non-Latino Immigrants
218
The Impact of Recent Latino Immigrants on Native Hispanics and Earlier Latino Immigrants
221
Policy Implications and Conclusions
229
Notes
230
References
231
12 Immigrants, Hispanics, and the Evolution of Housing Prices in the US
233
Introduction
233
Immigrants and Housing Rents and Prices
236
Hispanic Growth and Housing Rents and Prices
239
Hispanic Density and Housing Prices: A Neighborhood Analysis Within Cities
246
Conclusions
250
Notes
250
References
250
Part VI InterGenerational Incorporation and Economic Outcomes
252
13 The Effects of English Proficiency Among Childhood Immigrants: Are Hispanics Different?
253
Introduction
253
Background and Data
256
Related Literature
256
Data
256
Age at Arrival and English Proficiency
257
Effects of English Proficiency
261
Labor Market Outcomes
262
Educational Attainment
265
Family Formation
266
Location of Residence
271
Why Might the Effect of English Proficiency Differ Between Hispanics and Non-Hispanics?
271
Robustness Checks
274
Discussion
275
Notes
276
Appendix
278
References
280
14 Who Remains Mexican? Selective Ethnic AttritionINTbreak; and the Intergenerational Progress of Mexican Americans
282
Introduction
282
Ethnic Identification and Ethnic Attrition
286
Intermarriage and Mexican Identification of Children 11
289
Extent and Selectivity of Mexican Intermarriage
290
Mexican Identification of Children
294
Indirect Evidence of Selective Ethnic Attrition
297
Spanish Surname and Hispanic Identification 18
297
Mexican Ethnicity and Ancestry 20
300
Direct Evidence of Selective Ethnic Attrition 24
303
Conclusion
308
Notes
310
References
313
About the Editors
318
About the Contributors
319
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