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Economic and Environmental Impact of Free Trade in East and South East Asia
von: Kakali Mukhopadhyay, Paul J. Thomassin
Springer-Verlag, 2009
ISBN: 9789048135073 , 209 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 96,29 EUR
Foreword
4
Preface
6
Acknowledgements
8
Contents
10
List of Figures
13
List of Tables
14
1 Introduction
17
1.1 Globalization and Regionalization
17
1.2 Basic Issues of Regional Trade Agreements
18
1.3 Proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements
19
1.4 Global Development of RTAs
22
1.5 Economic Integration in East and South East Asia
23
1.5.1 FTA in East and South East Asia---A Brief History
24
1.5.1.1 APEC
24
1.5.1.2 ASEAN
25
1.5.1.2 ASEAN Vision 2020
27
1.5.1.2 ASEAN+3
27
1.5.2 Factors Affecting FTA Initiatives in East and South East Asia
28
1.5.3 Features of Existing RTAs in East and South East Asia
29
1.5.4 FTA Initiatives in East and South East Asia
29
1.5.4.1 China-ASEAN
29
1.5.4.2 Japan-ASEAN
30
1.5.4.3 Republic of Korea-ASEAN
31
1.5.4.4 ASEAN Countries FTA in East and South East Asia
31
1.5.5 Efforts and Time Frame for Economic Integration
33
1.6 Environmental Degradation
34
1.7 Objective
36
1.8 Structure of the Book
36
2 Review of Literature
38
2.1 Introduction
38
2.2 FTAs/RTAs Around the World
39
2.3 FTAs/RTAs in East and South East Asian Region
41
2.4 Impact of FTAs and RTAs on the Environment
51
3 Features of the East and South East Asian Economies
56
3.1 Introduction
56
3.2 Population
57
3.3 Economic Growth of the East and SouthEast Asian Economies
58
3.3.1 GDP Growth
58
3.3.2 Agricultural Sector in East and South East Asia
61
3.3.3 Industrial Sector in East and South East Asia
65
3.3.4 Manufacturing Sector in East and SouthEast Asia
68
3.3.5 Service Sector in East and SouthEast Asia
70
3.4 Poverty and Unemployment
72
3.5 The Structure of Foreign Trade and FDI
74
3.5.1 Japan
74
3.5.2 Thailand
77
3.5.3 Vietnam
77
3.5.4 Singapore
78
3.5.5 Republic of Korea
78
3.5.6 Malaysia
79
3.5.7 Philippines
79
3.5.8 Myanmar
80
3.5.9 China
80
3.5.10 Indonesia
81
3.5.11 Trend of Intra Regional Trade
81
3.5.12 Status of FDI in East and South East Asia
82
3.6 Environmental Profile: An Overview
84
3.6.1 Vietnam
84
3.6.2 Philippines
85
3.6.3 Cambodia
87
3.6.4 Indonesia
87
3.6.5 China
88
3.6.6 Republic of Korea
90
3.6.7 Malaysia
91
3.6.8 Thailand
93
Mobile Sources
93
Stationary Sources
93
Area Sources
93
3.6.9 Japan
95
3.6.10 Singapore
97
3.6.11 Lao-PDR
98
4 Theoretical Framework, Database and Scenario Development
99
4.1 The Theoretical Framework of the GTAP Model
99
4.2 Aggregation Scheme
102
4.3 Environmental Indicators and Coefficients
103
4.4 Updated Environmental Coefficients Across the Countries
104
4.5 Scenario Development
105
4.6 Modifications of the GTAP Model to 2020
107
4.7 Macroeconomic Variable Estimates and Underlying Assumptions
107
5 Economic Impact of Economic Integration
110
5.1 Introduction
110
5.2 Output Growth
110
5.3 Export and Import Performance
113
5.4 Sectoral Analysis of Output
121
5.5 Sectoral Analysis of Export and Import
122
5.5.1 Sectoral Export Analysis
130
5.5.2 Sectoral Import Analysis
132
5.6 Intra-Industry Trade
135
5.7 Welfare Implication
137
5.8 Effects on Factor Returns
139
5.9 Poverty Implications
142
6 Environmental Impact of Economic Integration
145
6.1 Introduction
145
6.2 Environmental Impact in BAU and Trade Scenarios
145
6.2.1 Air Pollution
146
6.2.2 Water Pollution
150
6.2.2.1 BOD
150
6.2.2.2 COD
151
6.2.2.3 Suspended Solid (SS)
151
6.2.3 Industrial Waste
152
6.3 Sectoral Analysis in BAU and Trade Scenarios
154
6.3.1 BAU Scenario
154
6.3.2 Trade Liberalization Scenarios
162
6.4 Decomposition Analysis
167
6.4.1 Methodology of Decomposition Analysis
167
Activity Effect
169
Composition Effect
169
Technology Effect
169
6.4.2 GHG Indicators at BAU 2020
170
6.4.3 GHG Indicators in Trade Liberalisation Scenarios
172
6.4.4 Decomposition Effect on BOD in BAU and Trade Scenarios
172
7 Strategies for Green Trade
177
7.1 Introduction
177
7.2 Multiple Sector Tax
178
7.2.1 Assessment of Moderate Multiple Sector Tax
179
7.2.2 Assessment of Drastic Multiple Sector Tax
180
7.3 Tax on Electricity
181
7.4 Tax on Coal and Oil
182
7.5 Policy Option for Industrial Waste
184
8 Summary and Conclusion
186
Endnotes
192
References
196
Annex
207
Index
214
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