Suchen und Finden
Diagnostic Imaging
von: Andrea G. Rockall, Andrew Hatrick, Peter Armstrong, Martin Wastie
Wiley-Blackwell, 2013
ISBN: 9781118524237 , 520 Seiten
7. Auflage
Format: PDF, OL
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 55,99 EUR
Cover
1
Title page
5
Copyright
6
Contents
7
Preface
9
Acknowledgements
10
List of Abbreviations
11
The Anytime, Anywhere Textbook
12
1: Technical Considerations
15
Use of the imaging department
15
Conventional radiography
15
Computed tomography
16
Computed tomography angiography
17
Artefacts
17
Contrast agents in conventional radiography and computed tomography
17
Ultrasound
19
Doppler effect
21
Radionuclide imaging
22
Positron emission tomography
25
Magnetic resonance imaging
26
Contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
30
Picture archiving and communication systems
31
Radiation hazards
31
2: Chest
33
Thoracic Disease
33
Imaging techniques
33
Plain chest radiograph
33
Computed tomography
37
Magnetic resonance imaging
38
Radionuclide lung scanning
38
Positron emission tomography
38
Ultrasound
38
Diseases of the chest with a normal chest radiograph
40
Obstructive airways disease
40
Small lesions
41
Pulmonary emboli without infarction
41
Infections
41
Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
41
Pleural abnormality
41
Mediastinal masses
41
Abnormal chest signs
42
Silhouette sign
42
Radiological signs of lung disease
44
Air-space opacification
44
Pulmonary collapse (atelectasis)
45
Spherical opacities (lung mass, lung nodule)
54
Line or band-like opacities
58
Widespread small pulmonary opacities
60
Increased transradiancy of the lungs
62
Pleura
63
Pleural effusion
63
Pleural thickening (pleural fibrosis)
66
Pleural tumours
69
Pleural calcification
71
Pneumothorax
71
Mediastinum
73
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the normal mediastinum
73
Mediastinal masses
74
Aortic aneurysm
81
Pneumomediastinum
82
Hilar enlargement
82
Lymph node enlargement
84
Diaphragm
84
Chest wall
85
Specific Disorders
85
Bacterial pneumonia
86
Viral and mycoplasma pneumonia
86
Lung abscess
86
Pulmonary tuberculosis
87
Primary tuberculosis
87
Postprimary tuberculosis
87
Fungal and parasitic diseases
90
Hydatid disease
91
Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host
91
Sarcoidosis
92
Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
93
Usual interstitial pneumonia (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
93
Determining the cause of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
93
Radiation pneumonitis
95
Collagen vascular diseases
95
Rheumatoid lung
95
Systemic lupus erythematosus
95
Scleroderma and dermatomyositis
96
Wegener’s granulomatosis
96
Pneumoconiosis
96
Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
96
Asbestos-related disease
96
Diseases of the airways
96
Asthma
96
Bronchiolitis
97
Acute bronchitis
97
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
97
Cystic fibrosis
98
Respiratory distress in the newborn
100
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
100
Pulmonary emboli and infarction
101
Plain film abnormalities
101
Radionuclide lung scans
102
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography
102
Trauma to the chest
102
Carcinoma of the bronchus
105
Signs of a central tumour
105
Signs of a peripheral tumour
105
Spread of bronchial carcinoma
105
Metastatic neoplasms
108
Pulmonary metastases
108
Pleural metastases
109
Metastases to ribs
109
Lymphoma
113
3: Cardiac Disorders
115
Imaging techniques
115
Plain chest radiography
115
Echocardiography
121
Radionuclide studies
123
Computed tomography
126
Magnetic resonance imaging
126
Cardiac catheterization and angiography
126
Specific cardiac diseases
126
Heart failure
126
Ischaemic heart disease
127
Hypertensive heart disease and other myocardial diseases
129
Valvular heart disease
130
Pericardial effusion
133
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
135
Left atrial myxoma and other intracardiac masses
135
Congenital heart disease
135
4: Breast Imaging
137
Mammography
137
Breast ultrasound
137
Breast magnetic resonance imaging
141
Breast screening
141
5: Plain Abdomen
143
Intestinal gas pattern
143
Dilatation of the bowel
143
Pneumoperitoneum
146
Gas in an abscess
146
Gas in the wall of the bowel
146
Gas in the biliary system
149
Ascites
150
Abdominal calcification
150
Liver and spleen
152
Abdominal and pelvic masses
153
6: Gastrointestinal Tract
155
Imaging techniques: general principles
155
Contrast examinations
155
Computed tomography
156
Ultrasound examinations
156
Magnetic resonance imaging
156
Nuclear medicine
156
Basic descriptive terms
156
Oesophagus
157
Imaging techniques
157
Plain films
157
Barium swallow examination
157
Computed tomograpphy
160
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
160
Oesophageal abnormalities
160
Strictures of the oesophagus
160
Dilatation of the oesophagus
162
Other abnormalities of the oesophagus
164
Stomach and Duodenum
167
Imaging techniques
167
Barium meal examination
167
Computed tomography
167
Specific diseases of the stomach and duodenum
169
Peptic ulcer
169
Gastric carcinoma
170
Other gastric tumours
171
Gastric polyps
171
Lymphoma
172
Gastric outlet obstruction
172
Hiatus hernia
172
Small Intestine
173
Imaging techniques
175
Normal appearances of the small bowel
175
Imaging signs of disease of the small intestine
177
Dilatation
177
Mucosal abnormality
177
Narrowing
177
Ulceration
177
Specific diseases of the small intestine
178
Crohn’s disease
178
Small bowel ischaemia
181
Tuberculosis
181
Lymphoma
182
Malabsorption
182
Acute small bowel obstruction
183
Malrotation
184
Worm infestation
184
Large Intestine
184
Imaging techniques
184
Colonoscopy
184
Barium enema
185
Computed tomography pneumocolon
185
Magnetic resonance imaging
185
Nuclear medicine studies
185
Normal appearance of the colon
185
Imaging signs of disease of the large intestine
186
Narrowing of the lumen
186
Dilatation
187
Filling defects
188
Diverticula and muscle hypertrophy
188
Ulceration
188
Specific diseases of the colon
188
Inflammatory bowel disease
188
Diverticular disease
192
Appendicitis
194
Ischaemic colitis
194
Pneumatosis coli
197
Volvulus
197
Intussusception
197
Colorectal tumours
198
Hirschsprung’s disease (congenital aganglionosis)
202
Idiopathic megacolon (functional megacolon)
204
Anal fistula and perianal abscess
204
Specific Uses of Imaging in the Gastrointestinal Tract
204
Imaging investigation of the acute abdomen
204
Plain films
205
Barium or Gastrografin follow-through
205
Ultrasound
205
Computed tomography
205
Imaging investigation of acute bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract
206
Imaging investigation of abdominal trauma
208
7: Hepatobiliary System, Spleen and Pancreas
209
Liver
209
Imaging techniques
209
Ultrasound
209
Computed tomography
211
Magnetic resonance imaging
213
Liver masses
213
Malignant liver neoplasms
214
Benign liver masses
214
Liver abscesses
219
Cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension
219
Liver trauma
220
Fatty infiltration of the liver
221
Biliary System
222
Imaging techniques
222
Ultrasound
222
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
223
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
223
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
223
Hepatobiliary radionuclide scanning
223
Gall stones and cholecystitis
225
Cholecystitis
226
Jaundice
226
Pancreas
227
Pancreatic masses
230
Acute pancreatitis
231
Chronic pancreatitis
232
Pancreatic trauma
235
Spleen
235
Splenic trauma
235
8: Urinary Tract
237
Imaging techniques
237
Ultrasound
237
Urography
238
Magnetic resonance imaging
246
Radionuclide examination
247
Special techniques
251
Urinary tract disorders
251
Urinary calculi
251
Nephrocalcinosis
255
Urinary tract obstruction
255
Renal parenchymal masses
259
Urothelial tumours
265
Acute infections of the upper urinary tracts
266
Tuberculosis
270
Chronic pyelonephritis (reflux nephropathy)
271
Papillary necrosis
272
Renal trauma
272
Hypertension in renal disease
273
Renal failure
274
Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract
275
Bladder disorders
277
Bladder tumours
277
Bladder diverticula
278
Bladder calcification
278
Neurogenic bladder
278
Trauma to the bladder and urethra
280
Prostate and urethra disorders
281
Prostatic enlargement
281
Prostatic calcification
282
Bladder outflow obstruction
282
Scrotum and testes disorders
283
9: Female Genital Tract
287
Normal appearances
287
Ultrasound
287
Computed tomography
287
Magnetic resonance imaging
288
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography
288
Gynaecological pathology
288
Pelvic masses
288
Ovarian masses
289
Uterine masses
295
Pelvic inflammatory disease
296
Endometriosis
296
Detection of intrauterine contraceptive devices
296
Hysterosalpingography
296
Obstetric ultrasound
299
Ultrasound in the first trimester
300
Ultrasound in the second and third trimesters
301
Placental imaging
301
‘Large for dates’ uterus
301
‘Small for dates’ uterus: intrauterine growth retardation
302
Ultrasound for karyotyping
302
Fetal death
302
Ectopic pregnancy
302
10: Peritoneal Cavity and Retroperitoneum
305
Peritoneal Cavity
305
Peritoneal cavity disorders
305
Ascites
305
Peritoneal tumours
305
Intraperitoneal abscesses
307
Retroperitoneum
310
Imaging techniques
311
Computed tomography
311
Ultrasound
311
Magnetic resonance imaging
311
Retroperitoneal disorders
311
Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
311
Adrenal gland disorders
313
Retroperitoneal tumours
317
Aortic aneurysm
318
Retroperitoneal haematoma
321
Retroperitoneal and psoas abscesses
321
11: Bones
323
Imaging techniques
323
Plain bone radiographs
323
Ultrasound in musculoskeletal disease
324
Radionuclide bone imaging
326
Computed tomography in bone disease
327
Magnetic resonance imaging in bone disease
328
Bone disease diagnosis
328
Solitary lesions
328
Bone tumours
334
Osteomyelitis
339
Bone infarction
342
Multiple focal lesions
343
Metastases
343
Multiple myeloma
346
Lymphoma and leukaemia
347
Multiple periosteal reactions
347
Generalized decrease in bone density (osteopenia)
348
Osteoporosis
349
Rickets and osteomalacia
350
Hyperparathyroidism
351
Renal osteodystrophy
352
Generalized increase in bone density
353
Alteration of trabecular pattern and change in shape
354
Paget’s disease
354
Haemolytic anaemia
355
Sarcoidosis
355
Radiation-induced disease of bone
355
Changes in bone shape
360
Bone dysplasias
360
12: Joints
361
Imaging techniques
361
Plain film radiographs
361
Magnetic resonance imaging
361
Arthrography
361
Ultrasound
361
Arthritis
362
Signs indicating the presence of arthritis
362
Signs that point to the cause of arthritis
363
Diagnosis of arthritis
363
Rheumatoid arthritis
364
Gout
366
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease
367
Osteoarthritis
367
Haemophilia and bleeding disorders
368
Joint infections
368
Pyogenic arthritis
370
Tuberculous arthritis
370
Avascular (aseptic) necrosis
370
Osteochondritis
372
Internal derangement of the knee
373
Menisci
373
Cruciate ligaments
373
Collateral ligaments
373
Shoulder and rotator cuff disorders
373
Supraspinatus tendon tears
376
Calcific tendonitis
376
Miscellaneous joint conditions
377
Neuropathic joint
377
Synovial sarcoma (synovioma)
377
Slipped femoral epiphysis
377
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
377
Osteitis condensans ilii
382
Scleroderma
382
13: Spine
383
Imaging techniques
383
Radiographic signs of spinal abnormality
384
Disc space narrowing
384
Collapse of vertebral bodies
387
Pedicle abnormalities
389
Dense vertebrae
389
Spinal abnormalities
389
Spinal trauma
389
Degenerative spinal disease
395
Disc herniation
396
Spondylolisthesis
399
Infection
399
Inflammatory spondylarthropathy
403
Congenital abnormalities
405
Spinal cord and cauda equine compression
405
Intrinsic disorders of the spinal cord
405
Transverse myelitis and multiple sclerosis
411
14: Skeletal Trauma
413
Imaging techniques
413
Plain radiographs
413
Computed tomography
413
Magnetic resonance imaging
415
Radionuclide bone scanning
415
Imaging fractures
417
Imaging dislocations
417
Further plain film views
417
Specific injuries
421
Salter–Harris classification
421
Stress fracture
434
Insufficiency fracture
434
Pathological fracture
435
Non-accidental injury
435
Avulsion fractures
440
15: Brain
441
Imaging techniques
441
Computed tomography
441
Magnetic resonance imaging
446
Neurosonography
450
Specific brain disorders
450
Brain tumours
450
Stroke
454
Infection
457
Multiple sclerosis
461
Ageing
462
Dementia
464
Head injury
464
Extracerebral haematoma
466
Intracerebral lesion
466
Fracture
469
16: Orbits, Head and Neck
471
Sinuses
471
Opaque sinus
471
Nasopharynx
472
Orbits
473
Blowout fracture
474
Salivary glands
475
Sialography
475
Neck
475
Larynx
477
Thyroid imaging
477
Parathyroid imaging
479
17: Vascular and Interventional Radiology
485
Diagnostic vascular angiography
485
Arteriography
485
Magnetic resonance angiography
485
Computed tomography angiography
485
Ultrasound of the arterial system
487
Ultrasound venography
487
Contrast venography
488
Interventional radiology
489
Angioplasty and stents
489
Therapeutic embolization
492
Therapeutic ablation
492
Vascular catheterization for infusion
493
Inferior vena cava filters
493
Percutaneous needle biopsy
493
Percutaneous drainage of abscesses and other fluid collections
495
Transjugular liver biopsy
495
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
499
Interventional radiology of the gastrointestinal tract
499
Interventional radiology of the urinary tract
500
Interventional radiology of the biliary tract
500
Appendix: Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Abdomen
505
Index
0
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