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Foreword to the 2nd Edition
6
Foreword to the 1st Edition
8
Preface
10
What Happened Since the First Edition?
11
Second Edition
12
Organization, Structure, and Changes
13
Acknowledgments
14
Contents
16
Part I Basics
21
1 Knowledge Representation
22
1.1 Basic Concepts
23
1.2 Cognitive Science
26
1.3 Types of Human Knowledge
30
1.4 Knowledge Representation Techniques
33
1.5 Knowledge Representation Languages
38
1.6 Knowledge Engineering
55
1.7 Open Knowledge Base Connectivity (OKBC)
57
1.8 The Knowledge Level
60
2 Ontologies
63
2.1 Basic Concepts
64
2.2 Ontological Engineering
77
2.3 Applications
90
2.4 Advanced Topics
94
3 The Semantic Web
99
3.1 Rationale
100
3.2 Semantic Web Languages
101
3.3 The Role of Ontologies
123
3.4 Semantic Markup
125
3.5 Development Frameworks
128
3.6 Reasoning
131
3.7 Semantic Web Services
134
3.8 Open Issues
139
3.9 Quotations
142
4 Model Driven Engineering
143
4.1 Models and Metamodels
143
4.2 Types of Software Models
150
4.3 The Model Driven Architecture
151
4.4 Metamodeling Languages
153
4.5 Standardized MDA Metamodels
158
4.6 UML Profiles
161
4.7 Model Transformations
165
4.8 Object Constraint Language
169
4.9 An XML for Sharing MDA Artifacts
170
4.10 The Need for Modeling Spaces
172
5 Modeling Spaces
174
5.1 Modeling the Real World
175
5.2 The Real World, Models, and Metamodels
176
5.3 The Essentials of Modeling Spaces
178
5.4 Modeling Spaces Illuminated
181
5.5 Modeling Spaces Applied
184
5.6 A Touch of RDF(S) and MOF Modeling Spaces
186
5.7 A Touch of the Semantic Web and MDA Technical Spaces
188
5.8 Instead of Conclusions
190
Part II Model Driven Engineering and Ontologies
191
6 Software Engineering Approaches to Ontology Development
192
6.1 A Brief History of Ontology Modeling
192
6.2 Ontology Development Tools Based on Software Engineering Techniques
208
6.3 Summary of Relations Between UML and Ontologies
216
7 The MDA-Based Ontology Infrastructure
221
7.1 Motivation
221
7.2 Overview
222
7.3 Bridging RDF(S) and MOF
225
7.4 Design Rationale for the Ontology UML Profile
227
8 The Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM)
229
8.1 ODM Metamodels
229
8.2 A Few Objections to the ODM Specification
231
8.3 The Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS) Metamodel
233
8.4 The Web Ontology Language (OWL) Metamodel
239
9 The Ontology UML Profile
248
9.1 Classes and Individuals in Ontologies
248
9.2 Properties of Ontologies
251
9.3 Statements
253
9.4 Different Versions of the Ontology UML Profile
254
10 Mappings of MDA-Based Languages and Ontologies
257
10.1 Relations Between Modeling Spaces
257
10.2 Transformations Between Modeling Spaces
260
10.3 Example of an Implementation: An XSLT-Based Approach
264
Part III Applications
274
11 Modeling Tools and Ontology Development
275
11.1 MagicDraw
276
11.2 Poseidon for UML
293
11.3 Sharing Models Between UML Tools and Protégé
297
11.4 Atlas Transformation Language
301
12 An MDA Based Ontology Platform: AIR
308
12.1 Motivation
308
12.2 The Basic Idea
309
12.3 Metamodel—the Conceptual Building Block of AIR
311
12.4 The AIR Metadata Repository
312
12.5 The AIR Workbench
315
12.6 The Role of XML Technologies
317
12.7 Possibilities
318
13 Examples of Ontology
319
13.1 Petri Net Ontology
319
13.2 Educational Ontologies
330
14 Beyond the Ontology Definition Metamodel: Applications
343
14.1 Integrated Ontology Development Toolkit
343
14.2 TwoUse: UML and OWL Modeling
346
14.3 Model Driven Engineering of Ontology Reasoners
349
14.4 Model Driven Engineering and Semantic Web Rules
353
References
359
Index
378
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