Suchen und Finden
Foreword
5
Preface
7
Acknowledgments
14
Contents
16
Contributors
18
List of Figures
21
List of Tables
24
China’s Ecological Restoration Programs: Initiation, Implementation, and Challenges
27
1.1 Introduction
27
1.2 Program Contents
30
1.3 Implementation and Outcome
35
1.4 Main Challenges
39
1.5 Concluding Remarks
43
References
44
Assessing China’s Ecological Restoration Programs: What’s Been Done andWhat Remains to Be Done?
46
2.1 Introduction
47
2.2 Implementation Efficacy
49
2.3 SLCP’s Socioeconomic Impacts
51
2.4 NFPP’s Socioeconomic Impacts
55
2.5 The Environmental Impacts
57
2.6 Synthesis and Future Research
58
References
61
Methodology for an Integrative Assessment of China’s Ecological Restoration Programs
64
3.1 Introduction
64
3.2 A Basic Framework
66
3.3 The Empirical Approach
67
3.4 Assessing Environmental Impacts and Effectiveness
69
3.5 Assessing Socioeconomic Impacts
71
3.6 Data Generation and Acquisition
75
3.7 Synthesis and Actions
76
References
77
Land Cover Changes in Northeast China from the late 1970s to 2004
80
4.1 Introduction
80
4.2 Study Area
82
4.3 Materials and Methods
83
4.4 Results
85
4.5 Conclusions and Discussion
91
References
91
Modeling the Driving Forces of the Land Use and Land Cover Changes Along the Upper Yangtze River
93
5.1 Introduction
93
5.2 Study Site
95
5.3 Methods
96
5.4 Data Description
98
5.5 Estimation Results
101
5.6 Conclusions and Discussion
103
Appendix: Definition and Variation of Some Key Variables
105
References
107
An Integrative Approach to Modeling Land Use Changes: The Multiple Facets of Agriculture in the Upper Yangtze Basin
109
6.1 Introduction
109
6.2 Methods and Data
111
6.3 Estimated Results
117
6.4 Conclusions and Implications
119
References
121
Quantifying Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics in the Upper Yangtze Basin from 1975 to 2000
123
7.1 Introduction
124
7.2 Methods
125
7.3 Results and Discussion
127
7.4 Summary
133
References
134
Process-Based Soil Erosion Simulation on a Regional Scale: The Effect of Ecological Restoration in the Chinese Loess Plateau
137
8.1 Introduction
137
8.2 Study Site
138
8.3 Method and Material
140
8.4 Simulation Results
143
8.5 Conclusions and Discussion
148
Appendix 1: The MMF Method
150
Appendix 2: Imagery Processing for Estimating Land- Cover Changes
152
References
153
Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraintsand Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain forGreen Program on Rural Households in China
155
9.1 Introduction
155
9.2 The Grain for Green Program
159
9.3 Data
161
9.4 Identification Strategy
165
9.5 Effect of the Grain for Green Program on Off-Farm Labor
169
9.6 Heterogeneous Program Effect on Off-Farm Labor
171
9.7 Conclusion
176
9.8 Appendix: Assessing Recall Bias
178
References
180
An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of China’s Land Conversion Program on Farmers’ Income Growth and Labor Transfer
182
10.1 Introduction
182
10.2 Theory and Methods
185
10.3 Site and Data
187
10.4 Estimated Results
191
10.5 Conclusions and Discussion
193
References
195
An Evaluation of the Impact of the Natural Forest Protection Programme on Rural Household Livelihoods
197
11.1 Introduction
197
11.2 Background to the NFPP
199
11.3 The Policy Evaluation Problem
202
11.4 Impact of NFPP on Household Incomes
208
11.5 Results
211
11.6 Conclusion
217
References
219
An Estimation of the Effects of China’s Forestry Programs on Farmers’ Income
222
12.1 Introduction
223
12.2 Method and Data
227
12.3 Empirical Results
233
12.4 Conclusions and Discussion
237
References
238
Agricultural Productivity Changes Induced by the Sloping Land Conversion Program: An Analysis of Wuqi County in the Loess Plateau Region
240
13.1 Introduction
241
13.2 Method
243
13.3 Results
248
13.4 Conclusions and Discussion
251
References
253
Measuring the Aggregate Socioeconomic Impacts of China’s Natural Forest Protection Program
255
14.1 Introduction
255
14.2 Impacts of the NFPP
258
14.3 I–O Models and Data
260
14.4 Results
264
14.5 Conclusions and Discussion
267
References
273
Index
275
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