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Supply Chain Management with SAP APO™ - Structures, Modelling Approaches and Implementation of SAP SCM™ 2008
Preface
5
Contents
7
Part I – Overview
16
1 SCM Projects with SAP APO™
17
1.1 The Supply Chain Management Approach
17
1.2 Supply Chain Management Projects with SAP APO
20
1.3 SAP APOTM Project Management and Peculiarities
21
2 SCM Processes and SAP APO™ Modules
23
3 SAP APOTM Architecture
28
3.1 Technical Building Blocks of SAP APO
28
3.2 Master Data Overview
30
3.3 Model and Version
36
3.4 Planners
37
3.5 Order Categories
38
3.6 Pegging
38
3.7 Data Locking
41
Part II – Demand Planning
43
4 Demand Planning
44
4.1 Demand Planning Overview
44
4.2 Data Structure for Demand Planning
47
4.3 Planning Book, Macros and Interactive Planning
57
4.4 Statistical Forecasting
68
4.5 Promotion Planning
78
4.6 Dependent Demand in Demand Planning
83
4.7 Collaborative Forecasting
86
4.8 Background Planning
88
4.9 Release of the Demand Plan
90
5 Forecast Consumption and Planning Strategies
96
5.1 Make-to-Stock
96
5.2 Make-to-Order
97
5.3 Planning with Final Assembly
98
5.4 Planning Without Final Assembly
100
5.5 Planning for Assembly Groups
102
5.6 Technical Settings for the Requirements Strategies
103
Part III – Order Fulfilment
106
6 Order Fulfilment Overview
107
7 Sales
109
7.1 Sales Order Entry
109
7.2 Availability Check Overview
110
7.3 Master Data and Configuration
114
7.4 Product Availability Check
119
7.5 Allocations
124
7.6 Forecast Check
131
7.7 Rules-Based ATP
132
7.8 Transportation and Shipment Scheduling
142
7.9 Backorder Processing
144
8 Transportation Planning
154
8.1 Transportation Planning Overview
154
8.2 Master Data and Configuration
156
8.3 TP/VS Planning Board
163
8.4 TP/VS Optimisation
165
8.5 Scheduling
168
8.6 Carrier Selection
169
8.7 Collaboration
170
8.8 Release and Transfer to SAP ERP™
171
8.9 Dynamic Route Determination
171
Part IV – Distribution
172
9 Distribution and Supply Chain Planning Overview
173
9.1 Distribution and Supply Chain Planning Scenarios
173
9.2 Applications for Distribution and Supply Chain Planning
175
9.3 Order Cycle for Stock Transfers
179
9.4 Integration of Stock Transfers to SAP ERP™
181
9.5 SNP Planning Book
186
10 Integrated Distribution and Production Planning
190
10.1 Cases for Integrated Planning
190
10.2 SNP Optimiser
191
10.3 Capable-to-Match
200
11 Distribution Planning
214
11.1 Master Data for Distribution Planning
214
11.2 SNP Heuristic
217
11.3 Planned Stock Transfers
217
11.4 Stock in Transit
219
11.5 Storage and Handling Restrictions
220
11.6 Sourcing
222
12 Replenishment
224
12.1 Deployment
224
12.2 Transport Load Builder
234
Part V – Production
240
13 Production Overview
241
13.1 Production Process Overview
241
13.2 Applications for Production Planning
245
13.3 Feasible Plans
256
13.4 Master Data for Production
258
13.5 Dependencies to the SAP ERP™ Configuration
281
14 Rough-Cut Production Planning
283
14.1 Basics of Rough-Cut Production Planning
283
14.2 SNP Heuristic
286
14.3 Capacity Levelling
288
14.4 SNP Optimisation for Production Planning
289
14.5 Capable-to-Match (with SNP Master Data)
291
14.6 Scheduling in SNP
292
14.7 Integration to PP/DS and SAP ERP™
295
15 Detailed Production Planning
301
15.1 Basics of PP/DS
301
15.2 Heuristics for Production Planning
306
15.3 Consumption Based Planning
314
15.4 Material Flow and Service Heuristics
315
15.5 Tools for Visualisation and Interactive Planning
317
15.6 Reporting
322
15.7 Special Processes for Production Planning
325
15.8 Capable-to-Match (with PP/DS Master Data)
328
16 Sales in a Make-to-Order Environment
330
16.1 Process Peculiarities and Overview
330
16.2 Capable-to-Promise
332
16.3 Multi-level ATP
341
17 Detailed Scheduling
345
17.1 Planning Board
345
17.2 Basics of Detailed Scheduling
350
17.3 Scheduling Heuristics
353
17.4 Sequence Dependent Set-up
357
17.5 Sequence Optimisation
360
18 Production Execution
371
18.1 Planned Order Conversion
371
18.2 ATP Check and Batch Selection
373
18.3 Production Order Handling
374
19 Modelling of Special Production Conditions
377
19.1 Alternative Resources
377
19.2 Modelling of Labour
381
19.3 Overlapping Production
382
19.4 Fixed Pegging and Order Network
383
19.5 Push Production
387
Part VI – External Procurement
388
20 Purchasing
389
20.1 Purchasing Overview
389
20.2 Suppliers and Procurement Relationships
393
20.3 Supplier Selection
394
20.4 Scheduling Agreements
396
20.5 Supplier Capacity
399
21 Subcontracting
402
21.1 Subcontracting Process Overview
402
21.2 Modelling of the Production at the Receiving Plant
403
21.3 Modelling of the Production at the Supplier
406
21.4 Subcontracting Process Variants
409
21.5 Subcontracting in SNP
412
Part VII – Cross Process Topics
413
22 Stock and Safety Stock
414
22.1 Stock Types in SAP APO
414
22.2 Safety Stock
415
23 Interchangeability
419
23.1 Interchangeability Overview
419
23.2 Interchangeability in DP
420
23.3 Interchangeability in SNP
421
23.4 Interchangeability in PP/DS
422
23.5 Interchangeability in ATP
424
24 Exception Reporting
425
24.1 Basics of Alert Monitoring
425
24.2 Alert Types
427
24.3 Alert Handling
431
24.4 Alert Calculation in the Background
433
24.5 Supply Chain Cockpit
433
Part VIII – System Integration
435
25 Core Interface
436
25.1 Overview of the Core Interface
436
25.2 Configuration of the Core Interface
436
25.3 Integration Models and Data Transfer
439
25.4 Master Data Integration
443
25.5 Transactional Data Integration
447
25.6 Operational Concept
449
26 Integration to DP
457
26.1 Data Storage in Info Cubes
457
26.2 Data Loading Structures
459
26.3 Data Upload
462
Appendix
465
References
466
Transactions and Reports
475
Index
489
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