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Dedication for the First Edition
6
Dedication for the Second Edition
6
Acknowledgements for the First Edition
7
Acknowledgements for the Second Edition
7
Units Policy
8
Author Biography
8
Contents
10
Introduction
37
Properties of Materials
39
1.1 Physical Properties
39
1.2 Mechanical Properties
44
1.3 Acoustical Properties
61
1.4 Thermal Properties
63
1.5 Optical Properties
70
1.6 Other Properties
85
1.7 Fundamental Constants
88
1.8 Conversion Factors
90
1.9 Further Reading
92
Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys
97
2.1 Iron and Steels
97
2.2 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
162
2.3 Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys
179
2.4 Manganese and Manganese-Based Alloys
187
Common Nonferrous Metals
197
3.1 Introduction
197
3.2 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
197
3.3 Copper and Copper Alloys
217
3.4 Zinc and Zinc Alloys
225
3.5 Lead and Lead Alloys
234
3.6 Tin and Tin Alloys
242
3.7 Low-Melting-Point or Fusible Alloys
247
Less Common Nonferrous Metals
251
4.1 Alkali Metals
251
4.2 Alkaline-Earth Metals
281
4.3 Refractory Metals
304
4.4 Noble and Precious Metals
431
4.5 Platinum-Group Metals
445
4.6 Rare-Earth Metals
460
4.7 Uranides
474
Semiconductors
493
5.1 Band Theory of Bonding in Crystalline Solids
493
5.2 Electrical Classification of Solids
494
5.3 Semiconductor Classes
495
5.4 Concentrations of Charge Carriers
498
5.5 Transport Properties
499
5.6 Physical Properties of Semiconductors
501
5.7 Industrial Applications and Uses
501
5.8 Common Semiconductors
501
5.9 Semiconductor Wafer Processing
509
5.10 The P-N Junction
513
5.11 Further Reading
513
Superconductors
515
6.1 Description and General Properties
515
6.2 Superconductor Types
516
6.3 Basic Theory
520
6.4 Meissner–Ochsenfeld Effect
521
6.5 History
521
6.6 Industrial Applications and Uses
523
6.7 Further Reading
523
Magnetic Materials
525
7.1 Magnetic Physical Quantities
525
7.2 Classification of Magnetic Materials
536
7.3 Ferromagnetic Materials
542
7.4 Industrial Applications of Magnetic Materials
554
7.5 Further Reading
554
Insulators and Dielectrics
557
8.1 Physical Quantities of Dielectrics
557
8.2 Physical Properties of Insulators
564
8.3 Dielectric Behavior
568
8.4 Dielectric Breakdown Mechanisms
570
8.5 Electrostriction
571
8.6 Piezoelectricity
572
8.7 Ferroelectrics
572
8.8 Aging of Ferroelectrics
576
8.9 Classification of Industrial Dielectrics
576
8.10 Selected Properties of Insulators and Dielectric Materials
577
8.11 Further Reading
580
Miscellaneous Electrical Materials
581
9.1 Thermocouple Materials
581
9.2 Resistors and Thermistors
586
9.3 Electron-emitting Materials
590
9.4 Photocathode Materials
591
9.5 Secondary Emission
592
9.6 Electrolytes
593
9.7 Electrode Materials
594
9.8 Electrochemical Galvanic Series
628
Ceramics, Refractories, and Glasses
631
10.1 Introduction and Definitions
631
10.2 Raw Materials for Ceramics, Refractories and Glasses
632
10.3 Traditional Ceramics
667
10.4 Refractories
668
10.5 Advanced Ceramics
673
10.6 Standards for Testing Refractories
681
10.7 Properties of Pure Ceramics ( Borides, Carbides, Nitrides, Silicides, and Oxides)
685
10.8 Further Reading
708
10.9 Glasses
709
10.10 Proppants
715
Polymers and Elastomers
729
11.1 Fundamentals and Definitions
729
11.2 Properties and Characteristics of Polymers
732
11.3 Classification of Plastics and Elastomers
735
11.4 Thermoplastics
735
11.5 Thermosets
751
11.6 Rubbers and Elastomers
753
11.7 Physical Properties of Polymers
758
11.8 Gas Permeability of Polymers
772
11.9 Chemical Resistance of Polymers
772
11.10 IUPAC Acronyms of Polymers and Elastomers
783
11.11 Economic Data on Polymers and Related Chemical Intermediates
784
11.12 Further Reading
788
Minerals, Ores and Gemstones
789
12.1 Definitions
789
12.2 Mineralogical, Physical and Chemical Properties
794
12.3 Strunz Classification of Minerals
815
12.4 Dana’s Classification of Minerals
817
12.5 Gemstones
819
12.6 IMA Acronyms of Rock-forming Minerals
836
12.7 Mineral and Gemstone Properties Table
838
12.8 Mineral Synonyms
906
12.9 Further Reading
916
Rocks and Meteorites
923
13.1 Introduction
923
13.2 Structure of the Earth’s Interior
924
13.3 Different Type of Rocks
927
13.4 Igneous Rocks
928
13.5 Sedimentary Rocks
942
13.6 Metamorphic Rocks
948
13.7 Ice
950
13.8 Meteorites
952
13.9 Properties of Common Rocks
959
13.10 Further Reading
963
Soils and Fertilizers
965
14.1 Introduction
965
14.2 History
966
14.3 Pedogenesis
967
14.4 Soil Morphology
969
14.5 Soil Properties
974
14.6 Soil Taxonomy
983
14.7 Soil Identification
995
14.8 ISO and ASTM Standards
996
14.9 Physical Properties of Common Soils
999
14.10 Fertilizers
999
14.11 Further Reading
1004
Cements, Concrete, Building Stones and Construction Materials
1005
15.1 Introduction
1005
15.2 Portland Cement
1006
15.3 Aggregates
1012
15.4 Mineral Admixtures
1014
15.5 Mortars and Concrete
1014
15.6 Ceramics for Construction
1016
15.7 Building Stones
1017
15.8 Further Reading
1019
Timbers and Woods
1021
16.1 General Description
1021
16.2 Properties of Woods
1023
16.3 Properties of Hardwoods and Softwoods
1028
16.4 Applications
1035
16.5 Wood Performance in Various Corrosives
1035
16.6 Further Reading
1036
Fuels, Propellants and Explosives
1037
17.1 Introduction and Classification
1037
17.2 Combustion Characteristics
1037
17.3 Solid Fuels: Coals and Cokes
1042
17.4 Liquid Fuels
1046
17.5 Gaseous Fuels
1047
17.6 Prices of Common Fuels
1049
17.7 Propellants
1049
17.8 Explosives
1053
17.9 Further Reading
1056
Composite Materials
1057
18.1 Definitions
1057
18.2 Properties of Composites
1059
18.3 Fabrication Processes for Monofilaments
1062
18.4 Reinforcement Materials
1063
18.5 Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)
1067
18.6 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
1069
18.7 Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)
1071
18.8 Carbon–Carbon Composites (CCs)
1072
18.9 Further Reading
1073
Gases
1075
19.1 Properties of Gases
1075
19.2 Physico–Chemical Properties of Major Gases
1102
19.3 Monographies on Major Industrial Gases
1112
19.4 Halocarbons
1131
19.5 Hydrates of Gases and Clathrates
1132
19.6 Materials for Drying and Purifying Gases
1133
19.7 Producers and Manufacturers of Major Industrial Gases
1138
19.8 Further Reading
1139
Liquids
1141
20.1 Properties of Liquids
1141
20.2 Properties of Most Common Liquids
1159
20.3 Monographies on Liquids
1159
20.4 Properties of Liquid Metals
1213
20.5 Properties of Molten Salts
1215
20.6 Properties of Heat Transfer Fluids
1216
20.7 Colloidal and Dispersed Systems
1218
20.8 Further Reading
1218
Background Data for the Chemical Elements
1219
A.1 Periodic Chart of the Elements
1219
A.2 Historical Names of the Chemical Elements
1219
A.3 UNS Standard Alphabetical Designation
1219
A.4 Names of Transfermium Elements 101–110
1222
A.5 Selected Physical Properties of the Elements
1223
A.6 Geochemical Classification of the Elements
1223
NIST Thermochemical Data for Pure Substances
1233
Natural Radioactivity and Radionuclides
1239
C.1 Introduction
1239
C.2 Mononuclidic Elements
1240
C.3 Nuclear Decay Series
1240
C.4 Non-Series Primordial Radionuclides
1243
C.5 Cosmogenic Radionuclides
1244
C.6 NORM and TENORM
1244
C.7 Activity Calculations
1245
Crystallography and Crystallochemistry
1247
D.1 Direct Space Lattice Parameters
1247
D.2 Symmetry Elements
1248
D.3 The Seven Crystal Systems
1249
D.4 Conversion of a Rhombohedral to a Hexagonal Lattice
1249
D.5 The 14 Bravais Space Lattices
1249
D.6 Characteristics of Close-Packed Arrangements
1249
D.7 The 32 Classes of Symmetry
1250
D.8 Strukturbericht Structures
1253
D.9 The 230 Space Groups
1259
D.10 Crystallographic Calculations
1266
D.11 Interplanar Spacing
1269
D.12 Reciprocal Lattice Unit Cell
1270
Transparent Materials for Optical Windows
1271
Corrosion Resistance of Materials Towards Various Corrosive Media
1275
Economic Data for Metals, Industrial Minerals and Electricity
1283
G.1 Prices of Pure Elements
1283
G.2 World Annual Production of Commodities
1286
G.3 Economic Data for Industrial Minerals
1287
G.4 Prices of Electricity in Various Countries
1292
Geological Time Scale
1293
Materials Societies
1295
Bibliography
1307
1 General Desk References
1307
2 Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
1310
3 Comprehensive Series in Material Sciences
1310
Index
1315
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