Estimates of Cost of Crime - History, Methodologies, and Implications

Acknowledgments

Contents

List of Tables

Introduction

What Are Costs of Crime?

2.1 What is Crime

2.2 What is a Cost?

2.3 Categories of Costs

2.3.1 Costs of Crime Itself

2.3.2 Cost of Society’s Response

2.3.3 Costs in Anticipation of Crime

2.4 Why Calculate Costs of Crime?

Costs of Crime Estimation Techniques

3.1 Total or Incremental Cost of Crime

3.2 Ex Ante and Ex Post Perspectives

3.3 A Short History of Costs of Crime

3.4 Property Prices

3.5 Jury Awards

3.6 Contingent Valuation

3.7 Fear of Crime and Shadow Pricing

3.8 Total Cost of Crime

3.9 Other Estimates

3.10 Discussion

3.10.1 Ex Ante and Ex Post Perspectives

3.10.2 Marginal and Total Cost of Crime

3.10.3 Lack of Categorization

3.10.4 Comprehensiveness

3.10.5 Recommendation

Implications for Criminal Policy

4.1 Costs Estimates and Theories of Punishment

4.1.1 Harm and Culpability

4.1.2 Retributivism

4.1.3 Consequentialism

4.2 Costs Estimates and Sentencing Policy

4.2.1 Social Perception of the Seriousness of Crime

4.2.2 Criminal Law and Public Opinion

4.2.3 Normative Seriousness of Crime

4.2.4 Judicial Perception of Seriousness of Crime

4.3 Crime Prevention

4.3.1 Cost-Benefit Analysis in Criminal Law

4.3.2 Benefits of Cost-Benefit Analysis

4.3.3 Cost of Crime Estimates in Assessing Crime Policies

Conclusions

Bibliography

Index